[FOOD HABITS and NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT in a UNIVERSITY POPULATION.]

[FOOD HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT IN A UNIVERSITY POPULATION.]

Nutr Hosp. 2013 Marzo-Abril; 28(2): 438-446
Cervera Burriel F, Serrano Urrea R, Vico García C, Milla Tobarra M, García Meseguer MJ

Introduction: The university students are in critical period for the development of life styles which are very important for their future health. The eating behaviour of other students, the alcohol consumption, their economic situation and the ability of cooking make them change their dietary habits. In Spain there are a few studies on the quality of the diet in this population group. Most of them show Spanish students diet does not follow an adequate Mediterranean dietary pattern. Objectives: To describe the dietary habits of a population of university students and to assess the quality of their diet. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted on a sample of 80 students from the Faculty of Nursing of Albacete (University of Castilla-La Mancha). Nine 24-hours follow-ups questionnaires were self-administered in three different seasons. The quality of the diet was assessed by the IAS and the MDS2. In all tests a level of significance p < 0.05 was considered. Results and discussion: Students diet is slightly low in calories. The contribution of the macronutrients to the total daily energy intake showed a diet high in protein (17%), lacking in carbohydrates (40%) and high in saturated fat and cholesterol. The consumption of simple sugars is almost the double of the recommended amount. Meat products are the main source of fat while fish accounts for only 3,1%. The intake of meat and dairy products is much higher than the one of other Mediterranean university students. More than 91% of the students need «diet changes» in order to acquire healthier dietary patterns. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was only 53%. HubMed – eating

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER RECEIVING CARE IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL; 2010-2011.

Nutr Hosp. 2013 Marzo-Abril; 28(2): 405-411
Dias do Prado C, Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos J

Objective: To identify the nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal cancer and verify its association with demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a nonprobability sampling design. The participants were 143 adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer, receiving care in the Amaral Carvalho Hospital (Jaú-SP, Brazil) from November 2010 to October 2011. A survey was conducted to collect information for the purpose of demographic and clinical characterization. In order to identify nutritional status, the Scored Pati2) test were used. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.45 (SD = 9.62) years, with Stages III and IV of the disease being the most prevalent (39.2% and 35.0%). There was 44.8% prevalence of malnutrition. The undernourished individual more frequently reported having problems with eating (pcent-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Scored PG-SGA) was applied. Descriptive statistics and the Chisquare (< 0.001), presented less desire to eat (p < 0.001), more nausea (p = 0.001), vomiting (p = 0.006), constipation (p < 0.001) and pain (p < 0.001) than eutrophic patients, and more frequently related feeling nauseated by the smell of food (p = 0.012), difficulty with swallowing (p = 0,002) and early satiety (p = 0.020). As regards the prevalence ratio, greater chance was observed of malnourished individuals being exposed to a larger portion of the symptoms related in the Scored PG-SGA. Conclusion: High prevalence of malnutrition was observed among patients with gastrointestinal cancer, with significant association with clinical symptoms directly related to the eating process. HubMed – eating

[MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER; FOUR YEARS EXPERIENCE.]

Nutr Hosp. 2013 Marzo-Abril; 28(2): 372-381
Fernández López MT, Saenz Fernández CA, de Sás Prada MT, Alonso Urrutia S, Bardasco Alonso ML, Alves Pérez MT, Rivero Luis MT, Alvarez Vázquez P, Mato Mato JA

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and degree of malnutrition among patients with cancer who were sent to an Oncological Nutrition visit. Material and methods: It is an observational crosssectional descriptive study. First nutrition visit data of all patientes aged ? 18 with cancer who were evaluated from march of 2008 to february of 2012 were used. A total of 997 patients were studied using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Results: 69% of the patients had lost more than 5% of their usual weight within the previous 3 months, the patients with the highest frequency of weight loss were those with digestive cancer. Eating problems were encountered by the 81.2% of the patients, the most frequent problem being anorexia (53.3%) and the median number of symptoms was 3. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment shows a malnutrition prevalence of 72.9% (29.9% with moderate malnutrition and 43% with severe malnutrition). Malnutrition was related to the type of cancer and the stage of the disease and was not related to age, gender neither usual body mass index. Conclusions: Malnutrition prevalence among patients who were evaluated in our consulting-room is high. Nutritional evaluation is very important to detect patients at risk of malnutrition or with malnutrition and helps to choose the nutritional treatment. HubMed – eating

[MATERNAL NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY CONDITIONS THE FETAL PANCREAS DEVELOPMENT, HORMONAL STATUS AND DIABETES MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME BIOMARKERS AT BIRTH.]

Nutr Hosp. 2013 Marzo-Abril; 28(2): 250-274
Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gesteiro E, Espárrago Rodilla M, Rodríguez Bernal B, Bastida S

Pregnancy is a vital period where several hyperplasic, hypertrophic processes together with metabolic adaptation and preparation for extra-uterine life take place. Present review accounts for central aspects of nutrition throughout gestation on the embryonic and fetal periods. It is centered in the major changes occurring in fetal pancreas, with special mention to the susceptibility of this main glucose homeostasis organ to support nutritional changes during maturation and development. Studies performed in animal models as human are commented considering the role of maternal nutrition on ?-cell mass size, insulin and other pancreatic hormones production, and insulin sensitivity. Details of both the thrifty genotype and phenotype hypothesis are given, indicating that hypo/subnutrition causes metabolic adaptations that permit the future body to grow and develop itself in limited environmental and energetic conditions. The Barker hypothesis is considered suggesting that this metabolic hypothesis is a double-edged sword in the actual abundance World. Lastly the review, taking into account our own research and other papers, analyses less known aspects that relate maternal diet with insulin resistance/sensitivity markers at delivery. Particularly the role of the saturated fatty acid/carbohydrate and omega-6/omega-3 ratios in the frame of maternal diet is reviewed considering the quality of those diets under the Healthy Eating Index and the Adherence to Mediterranean Diet scores and the relationship with insulin resistance profile at birth. Present review ends indicating that nutritional habits should be strongly stated before gestation in order to assure a proper nutrition since the first moment of pregnancy. This will support an adequate fetal and pancreatic growth and development, and in turn, adequate glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and later in life, slowing down or preventing from degenerative diseases related with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. HubMed – eating