Addiction Rehab: [Fatty Acids of Grape Seed Oil and Its Biological Activity as 1,0% and 2,5% Food-Additive;].
[Fatty acids of grape seed oil and its biological activity as 1,0% and 2,5% food-additive;].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Georgian Med News. 2012 Jun; 47-50
Kikalishvili B, Zurabashvili D, Turabelidze D, Zurabashvili Z, Giorgobiani I
Using high-performance liquid chromatography were qualitatively and quantitatively identified high fatty acids contained in grape seed oil and compare its biological activity as1,0% and 2,5% food-additive an fatty acids composition contained in lipids of mice livers. Investigation were carried out on 90 inbred mice 5,0 g weight. Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods in grape seed oil is identified linoleic (65,0%), linolenic (1,5%), oleic (17,0%), palmitic (8,0%), stearic (4,4%) and arachidonic (0,6%) acids. After 15 days fatty acids are carried out from mouse liver and individual identified. In paper is showed that 1,0% and 2,5% grape seed oil food-additive have a different biological activity. The investigation demonstrated that after 15 days the grape seed oil takes marked part in lipid metabolism of biological necessary components.
HubMed – addiction
Rethinking the role of long-acting atypical antipsychotics in the community setting.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012 Jul 31;
Altamura AC, Aguglia E, Bassi M, Bogetto F, Cappellari L, De Giorgi S, Fagiolini A, Ferrannini L, Girardi P
Schizophrenia is a relapsing and evolving condition, which requires treatment continuity. Increasing evidence shows that antipsychotic discontinuation is associated with relapse in most patients, and that early interventions have a positive impact on long-term outcomes. Poor adherence to antipsychotics is a major factor in the treatment of schizophrenia and a relevant risk factor for relapse. Considerable effort has been made toward improving adherence, including the development of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. LAIs have traditionally been reserved for patients with repeated nonadherence; currently, several misconceptions prevent their more widespread use. The recent introduction of LAI formulations of atypical antipsychotics and the encouraging results in terms of the reduction in relapse rates and avoidance of hospitalization warrant a reassessment of the role of LAIs in the management of schizophrenia. This paper presents the position of a panel of nine Italian schizophrenia experts on the use of novel LAI medications, with a focus on community-based services, the prevailing setting of schizophrenia treatment in Italy. The need to change the attitude toward LAIs – no longer a treatment of last resort, but a component of multimodal strategies leading patients to remission and rehabilitation – is emphasized. The paper also presents recommendations for LAI atypical antipsychotic use in the community setting.
HubMed – addiction
How do the basal ganglia regulate sleep-wake behavior?
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jul 31;
Lazarus M, Huang ZL, Lu J, Urade Y, Chen JF
The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in motor function, habit formation, and reward or addictive behaviors, but the question as to how the BG integrate arousal with these fundamental striatal functions has only recently received much attention. Findings based on electrophysiology, neurotoxic lesioning, and the use of transgenic animals have established that the striatum and globus pallidus are key structural elements for the control of sleep and wakefulness. Here, we discuss emerging anatomical and molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation at work in the BG. Furthermore, we propose a model whereby adenosine and dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the integration of behavioral processes and the induction of wakefulness through cortical activation.
HubMed – addiction
Effects of Modafinil on Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Alcohol-Dependent Patients.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Jul 31;
Schmaal L, Joos L, Koeleman M, Veltman DJ, van den Brink W, Goudriaan AE
BACKGROUND: Impaired response inhibition is a key feature of patients with alcohol dependence. Improving impulse control is a promising target for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The pharmacologic agent modafinil enhances cognitive control functions in both healthy subjects and in patients with various psychiatric disorders. However, very little is known about the underlying neural correlates of improvements in response inhibition following modafinil. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study using functional magnetic resonance imaging with a stop signal task to examine effects of a single dose of modafinil (200 mg) on response inhibition and underlying neural correlates in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (AD) (n = 16) and healthy control subjects (n = 16). RESULTS: Within the AD group modafinil administration improved response inhibition (reflected by the stop signal reaction time [SSRT]) in subjects with initial poor response inhibition, whereas response inhibition was diminished in better performing subjects. In AD patients with initial poor response inhibition, modafinil-induced SSRT improvement was accompanied by greater activation in the thalamus and supplementary motor area (SMA) and reduced connectivity between the thalamus and the primary motor cortex. In addition, the relationship between baseline response inhibition and modafinil-induced SSRT improvement was mediated by these changes in thalamus and SMA activation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that modafinil can improve response inhibition in alcohol-dependent patients through its effect on thalamus and SMA function but only in subjects with poor baseline response inhibition. Therefore, baseline levels of response inhibition should be taken into account when considering treatment with modafinil in AD.
HubMed – addiction
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