[Chemical and Behavioural Addiction of Medical Students. Comparative Study in Lebanese Students].
[Chemical and behavioural addiction of medical students. Comparative study in Lebanese students].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Encephale. 2012 Dec; 38(6): 467-72
Moaouad J, Kazour F, Haddad R, Rouhayem J, Chammai R, Richa S
Evaluate chemical and behavioural dependence of medical students, and compare it to a control group (students in non-medical faculties), in order to underline the harmful effect of university on medical students’ dependence.A three-part questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 140 medical students at the Saint-Joseph university of Beirut (USJ), and to 140 students in many other USJ faculties, and filled in anonymously. The first part is about demographic criteria and the second and third parts are respectively about chemical and behavioural dependence, based on DSM IV criteria.There is no statistically significant difference between the two studied populations concerning the dependence on alcohol, cannabis, sedatives, opiates, amphetamines, workaholism, gambling and Internet. However, the prevalence of addiction to caffeine, cocaine, nicotine; sexual addiction, and compulsive buying are significantly lower in medical students when compared to the control group. Men, compared to women, did not show significantly higher levels of dependence on chemical substances. Workaholism is not significantly more prevalent in women. Sexual addiction and compulsive buying are not significantly higher in men. However, pathological gambling and Internet addiction are significantly more prevalent in men. Finally, this study does not show a variation in dependence through the years of medical studies.Most studies show that medical students have high levels of dependence on alcohol, opiates and sedatives. The results of our study show greater dependence on caffeine followed by nicotine, alcohol and sedatives. Medical students in our population did not reveal higher dependence rates compared to other university students. Overall, substance addiction in medical students may be related to the stress of medical studies, and easy access to drugs and prescriptions. These factors may be balanced by perfectionist traits, ethical standards and knowledge of adverse effects seen in medical students resulting in more adjusted prevalence of addiction when compared to other university students.The prevalence of chemical and behavioural dependency of medical students is not higher than the other population.
HubMed – addiction
Prevalence and risk factors for first onset of suicidal behaviors in the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Affect Disord. 2012 Nov 27;
Ten Have M, van Dorsselaer S, de Graaf R
BACKGROUND: To report lifetime prevalences of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts, as well as risk factors for first onset suicidal behaviours and for the transition from ideation to first onset plan or attempt. METHODS: Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a nationally representative survey among the general population aged 18-64 years (N=6646; response rate=65.1%). Face-to-face interviews were administered between November 2007 and July 2009. Suicidal behaviours and DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan and attempt was 8.3%, 3.0% and 2.2%, respectively. Among ideators, the probability of ever making an attempt was 26.8%. 76.5% of transitions from ideation to attempt occurred within the first year after ideation onset. Risk factors for suicidal behaviours included being female, younger, less educated, having had childhood trauma and a prior mental disorder. The strongest risk factors for the transition from ideation to first onset attempt were characteristics of prior suicidal behaviours, such as an early age of ideation onset and prior plans. LIMITATIONS: Data were based on retrospective self-reports of mental disorders and suicidal behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that health professionals verify suicide plans of their patients with suicidal ideas. They should also discuss the way their patients deal with problems and the kind of help they need, because a substantial proportion of (first) attempts was not intended to kill oneself. Preventive measures are best offered within the first year after ideation onset.
HubMed – addiction
Role of tobacco smoking in hangover symptoms among university students.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013 Jan; 74(1): 41-9
Jackson KM, Rohsenow DJ, Piasecki TM, Howland J, Richardson AE
ABSTRACT. Objective: Although hangover results from excessive alcohol consumption, the specific pathways through which hangover symptoms arise have not been elucidated. Research on predictors of hangover sensitivity may provide clues about such mechanisms. The present study investigated whether tobacco smoking on days of heavy drinking affects next-day hangover incidence and severity. Method: The study drew on diary data from a study on smoking and drinking among 113 students at a midwestern university in the United States. Participants completed a daily, web-based, 26-item survey for 8 weeks to assess prior-day alcohol and tobacco use as well as current-day hangover symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the hypothesis that amount of smoking is related to hangover, controlling for amount of alcohol consumed, sex, and other individual characteristics. Analyses were conducted after selecting only days with alcohol consumption levels that typically elicit hangover, then repeated on lighter drinking days for comparison. Validityof the hangover items was checked by comparing reports after such heavy drinking days with days of lighter drinking. Results: Across all possible person-days, 92% of daily reports were obtained. When selecting only events where an estimated blood alcohol concentration of 110 mg/dl was attained, smoking significantly increased the odds of hangover incidence and hangover severity while controlling for number of drinks consumed and sex. Additional analyses controlling for age first smoked regularly, frequency of drug use, type of drug involvement, or smoking status resulted in findings that were unchanged. Conclusions: Smoking more on heavy drinking days affects hangover sensitivity and severity, possibly because of acute pharmacological effects. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 74, 41-49, 2013).
HubMed – addiction
[Smoking cessation in case of chronic kidney disease.]
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Nephrol Ther. 2012 Nov 27;
Rostoker G, Le Faou AL, Lagrue G
Smoking is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. In France, despite increase of cost of cigarettes and exclusion of smoking in public places, daily smoking consummation remains high, particularly in women and young. Now, smoking is considered as a compartmental and/or psychologic and/or physic addiction. There are many categories of smokers and smoking cessation strategies must be tailored to individual level. Whatever the etiology of chronic kidney disease, in dialysis patient as transplanted, hypertension and vascular diseases are strong determinants of prognosis. In this way, there is a need for stronger involvement of nephrologists in the process of smoking cessation of their patients. Therapeutics and strategies are reviewed.
HubMed – addiction
Related Addiction Rehab Information…