Eating Disorders: A Six-Year Prospective Study on Children of Mothers With Eating Disorders: The Role of Paternal Psychological Profiles.
A Six-year Prospective Study on Children of Mothers with Eating Disorders: The Role of Paternal Psychological Profiles.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012 Dec 12;
Cimino S, Cerniglia L, Paciello M, Sinesi S
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that maternal eating disorders (EDs) represent a significant risk factor for children’s affective and behavioral development. Yet, little emphasis has been placed on the paternal role. OBJECTIVES: The present longitudinal study aimed to clarify the role of maternal EDs and the influence of paternal psychological profiles on children’s emotional development. METHOD: Our sample was composed of N?=?64 families with firstborn children selected through preschools, primary schools, and outpatient clinics in central Italy. Parents and children participated in a 6-year longitudinal protocol that included a diagnostic interview conducted by clinicians (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders [SCID-I]), a self-report (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised [SCL-90-R]), and a parental report-form questionnaire (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). RESULTS: The influence of mothers’ EDs on their children’s emotional development was confirmed. Moreover, fathers’ anxiety and obsessive-compulsive problems in association with mothers’ EDs and depressive symptoms influenced the onset of both internalizing and externalizing difficulties in their children over time. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that fathers’ psychopathological risk affects the development of emotional problems in children with mothers who have EDs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Myasthenia gravis in the elderly: a rare cause of undernutrition.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2012 Aug; 24(4): 398-9
Petit A, Constans T, Chavanne D, Praline J, Mondon K, Hommet C
Myasthenia gravis is not a frequent disease in the elderly. The diagnosis of this neuromuscular junction disease in the elderly is difficult because of comorbidities and the broad differential diagnosis. We report here the case of a 86-year-old woman referred to hospital for loss of weight and difficulties in feeding. She was cachectic and had been suffering from dysphagia for several weeks. One week later, her clinical state worsened with the appearance of ptosis and oropharyngeal dysfunction, disturbing eating and talking. Myasthenia gravis was suspected and confirmed by a positive acetylcholine receptor antibody titer. The clinical state of the patient unfortunately worsened, with acute respiratory insufficiency, causing death. Myasthenia gravis must be suspected in a context of dysphagia, swallowing difficulties and loss of weight. This diagnosis leads to specific and symptomatic treatment and allows neuromuscular blockade-inducing drugs to be avoided.
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The contribution of brain reward circuits to the obesity epidemic.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Dec 10;
Stice E, Figlewicz DP, Gosnell BA, Levine AS, Pratt WE
One of the defining characteristics of the research of Ann E. Kelley was her recognition that the neuroscience underlying basic learning and motivation processes also shed significant light upon mechanisms underlying drug addiction and maladaptive eating patterns. In this review, we examine the parallels that exist in the neural pathways that process both food and drug reward, as determined by recent studies in animal models and human neuroimaging experiments. We discuss contemporary research that suggests that hyperphagia leading to obesity is associated with substantial neurochemical changes in the brain. These findings verify the relevance of reward pathways for promoting consumption of palatable, calorically dense foods, and lead to the important question of whether changes in reward circuitry in response to intake of such foods serve a causal role in the development and maintenance of some cases of obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential value for future studies at the intersection of the obesity epidemic and the neuroscience of motivation, as well as the potential concerns that arise from viewing excessive food intake as an “addiction”. We suggest that it might be more useful to focus on overeating that results in frank obesity, and multiple health, interpersonal, and occupational negative consequences as a form of food “abuse”.
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The role of adiponectin multimers in anorexia nervosa.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Nutrition. 2013 Jan; 29(1): 203-6
Amitani H, Asakawa A, Ogiso K, Nakahara T, Ushikai M, Haruta I, Koyama K, Amitani M, Cheng KC, Inui A
Anorexia nervosa (AN) continues to be a refractory disease because of its unknown pathogenesis. The role of adiponectin in AN has not been clarified. Moreover, few reports have described the relations between adiponectin isoforms and AN in the physical and psychological states. Therefore, we measured plasma adiponectin and its isoforms levels in patients with AN to examine their roles in AN.Eighteen women participated in this study: nine patients with AN and nine age-matched healthy controls. We examined plasma adiponectin and its isoforms levels in all subjects and administered three types of psychological test to patients with AN: the Eating Disorders Inventory-2, the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory-2.We found that the percentage of high-molecular-weight (HMW) to total adiponectin (%HMW) was significantly low and the percentage of low-molecular-weight (LMW) to total adiponectin (%LMW) was significantly high in the AN group compared with the control group. The %HMW positively and the %LMW negatively correlated with body mass index in the entire study population. The %HMW was also positively correlated with psychological symptoms such as social insecurity or cleaning evaluated with the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 or the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory.Our study indicates that all adiponectin isoforms should be evaluated in patients with AN in addition to total adiponectin. The decreased %HMW and the increased %LMW that were correlated with the body mass index and some components of psychopathology in our patients may indicate a complex role of adiponectin isoforms in maintaining energy homeostasis and emotion during extreme malnourishment.
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Eating attitudes and food intakes of elite adolescent female figure skaters: a cross sectional study.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Dec 13; 9(1): 53
Dwyer J, Eisenberg A, Prelack K, Song WO, Sonneville K, Ziegler P
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Elite adolescent female figure skaters compete in an aesthetic-based sport that values thin builds and lithe figures. To conform to the sport’s physical requirements, skaters may alter their eating patterns in unhealthful directions. This study assesses the eating attitudes and dietary intakes of elite adolescent female figure skaters to assess the potential nutritional risks among them. METHODS: Thirty-six elite competitive adolescent female figure skaters (mean age 16 +/- 2.5 SD years) completed self-administered three-day records of dietary intake and simultaneous physical activity records during training season. Two months later, they attended a national training camp during which they completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), provided fasting blood samples, and had heights and weights measured. RESULTS: Participants’ mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.8 +/- 2.1 SD. Their BMIs were within the normal range, and the majority (70%) did not report a history of recent weight loss. The mean EAT-40 score was normal (19.5 +/- 13.5 SD) and below the cut-off score of 30 that indicates clinically significant eating pathology. However, one-quarter of the skaters had EAT-40 scores above 30. The skaters reported a mean energy intake of 1491 +/- 471 SD kcal/day (31 +/- 10 SD kcal/kg), with 61.6% of calories from carbohydrate, 14.6% from protein, and 23.7% from fat. Their reported dietary intakes were high in carbohydrates but low in total energy, fat, and bone-building nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Although these highly active young women compete in a sport that prizes leanness, they had appropriate weights. The athletes reported dietary intakes that were far below estimated energy needs and were at moderate risk of disordered eating. Anticipatory guidance is warranted to improve their dietary intakes, particularly of bone-building nutrients.
HubMed – eating
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