Depression Treatment: The Association Between Bullying and the Psychological Functioning of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The association between bullying and the psychological functioning of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2013 Jan; 34(1): 1-8
Zablotsky B, Bradshaw CP, Anderson C, Law PA

: Bullying has become a major national concern, particularly as it affects children with disabilities. The current study aimed to determine the association between psychiatric comorbid conditions, involvement in bullying (victim, bully, or bully-victim), and the immediate psychological correlates of bullying among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).: A national sample of 1221 parents completed a survey dedicated to the bullying and school experiences of their child with ASD, reporting on the immediate consequences of bullying involvement, including their child’s psychological well-being and any psychiatric comorbidity. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine whether specific psychiatric comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of involvement as victim, bully, or bully-victim. Analyses of variance determined the relationship between bullying frequency and psychological functioning. All models adjusted for child and school covariates.: Children who were frequently victimized were more likely to present with internalizing symptoms, whereas children who frequently bullied others were more likely to exhibit emotion regulation problems. Children who were identified as frequent bully-victims presented with both internalizing symptoms and emotion regulation problems. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression were more likely to have been victimized, whereas children with conduct disorder (CD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were more likely to have bullied other children. Children identified as bully-victims were more likely to have ADHD, CD, or ODD.: Children with ASDs who had displayed bullying behaviors in the past month exhibited psychological impairments, including psychiatric comorbidity. The frequency of bullying behaviors was significantly associated with the level of impairment.
HubMed – depression

Lipopolysaccharide-induced anhedonia is abolished in male serotonin transporter knockout rats: an intracranial self-stimulation study.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Dec 27;
Heesch FV, Prins J, Konsman JP, Westphal KG, Olivier B, Kraneveld AD, Mechiel Korte S

A growing body of evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. Previously, it has been shown that cytokines (e.g. interferon-? therapy) induce major depression in humans. In addition, administration of the cytokine-inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provokes anhedonia (i.e. the inability to experience pleasure) in rodents. Furthermore, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are increased in depressed patients. Nevertheless, the etiology of cytokine-induced depression is largely unknown. Previously, it has been shown that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors decrease serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase activity of the serotonin transporter (SERT). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of partial and complete lack of the SERT in LPS-induced anhedonia assessed in the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm. A single intraperitoneal injection of LPS was used to induce a pro-inflammatory immune response in male serotonin transporter wild type (SERT(+/+)), heterozygous (SERT(+/-)) and knockout (SERT(-/-)) rats. Body weight and ICSS thresholds were measured daily. Although LPS reduced body weight in all genotypes, loss of body weight was less pronounced in SERT(-/-) compared to SERT(+/+) rats. Remarkably, LPS-induced anhedonia was totally abolished in SERT(-/-) rats and as expected was still present in SERT(+/+) and to a lesser extent in SERT(+/-) rats. Therefore, it is concluded that an intact SERT function is needed for pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced anhedonia and weight loss in rats.
HubMed – depression

Validation of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale and its cutoff score for detecting low resilience in Chinese cancer patients.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Support Care Cancer. 2012 Dec 30;
Tian J, Hong JS

PURPOSE: We aim to investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14) and to determine the cutoff score of the RS-14 for screening Chinese cancer patients with low resilience. METHODS: The current study was divided into two studies. In the first study, we randomly selected 625 people and obtained their scores in the Chinese version of the RS-14 and SF-36 using cross-sectional survey. We then calculated the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the RS-14. In the second study, we selected 970 hospital cancer patients diagnosed during 2010 to 2011 and assessed for their resilience once and for anxiety, depression, and quality of life on two occasions. We determined the cutoff score of the RS-14 based on the maximum Youden Index, with the scores of anxiety and depression as gold standards. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients for inter-items were in the range of 0.23 to 0.68 (P?HubMed – depression

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