Replication Attempt to Estimate Depression Severity by Fuzzy Logic Analysis of Emotion-Focused fMRI.

Replication attempt to estimate depression severity by fuzzy logic analysis of emotion-focused fMRI.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Dec 19;
Smith DF, Nødskov H, Winterdahl M, Lund TE

HubMed – depression

Forecasting Success: Patients’ Expectations for Improvement and Their Relations to Baseline, Process and Outcome Variables in Group Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Depression.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Clin Psychol Psychother. 2012 Dec 19;
Tsai M, Ogrodniczuk JS, Sochting I, Mirmiran J

There is growing evidence for the important role of patients’ outcome expectations to the process and outcome of psychotherapy, yet its relevance to group cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression has not been examined. In an effort to fill this void, the present study investigated expectations for improvement among 80 psychiatric outpatients attending a group CBT program for depression. The study addressed the following four questions: (1) Which baseline patient characteristics might be associated with patients’ expectations for improvement? (2) Does providing a rationale and outline for treatment affect patients’ expectations? (3) Are patients’ expectations related to the quality of therapeutic alliance? and (4) Are patients’ expectations associated with the outcome of treatment? The main findings of the study are as follows: (a) baseline symptoms of depression, quality of life and current suicidal ideations were consistently associated with outcome expectancies; (b) outcome expectancies were unrelated to treatment completion status; (c) although expectancy ratings did not change significantly for the group as a whole, there was some variability in how individual patient’s expectancy ratings changed; (d) baseline expectancies were related to early-treatment alliance quality, but not to mid-treatment alliance, whereas early-treatment expectancies were significantly associated with mid-treatment alliance; and (e) baseline expectations of favourable outcome had a negative association with improvement in anxiety symptoms, yet expectancy ratings from session 3 had a positive association with improvement in quality of life and interpersonal problems. Increases in expectancy ratings were significantly related to improvement in anxiety, quality of life and interpersonal problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Patients who present in a particularly hopeless and demoralized state are likely to have low expectations for a positive outcome of treatment. Efforts should be made in the first few sessions of therapy to mobilize patients’ hope and expectation of success, for increases in one’s expectations may facilitate a favourable treatment outcome. An optimistic outlook on the probability of success in treatment may contribute to the development of a strong working relationship between the patient and the therapist.
HubMed – depression

ADCYAP1R1 GENOTYPE, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, AND DEPRESSION AMONG WOMEN EXPOSED TO CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Depress Anxiety. 2012 Dec 28;
Uddin M, Chang SC, Zhang C, Ressler K, Mercer KB, Galea S, Keyes KM, McLaughlin KA, Wildman DE, Aiello AE, Koenen KC

BACKGROUND: A growing literature indicates that genetic variation, in combination with adverse early life experiences, shapes risk for later mental illness. Recent work also suggests that molecular variation at the ADCYAP1R1 locus is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women. We sought to test whether childhood maltreatment (CM) interacts with ADCYAP1R1 genotype to predict PTSD in women. METHODS: Data were obtained from 495 adult female participants from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study. Genotyping of rs2267735, an ADCYAP1R1 variant, was conducted via TaqMan assay. PTSD, depression, and CM exposure were assessed via structured interviews. Main and interacting effects of ADCYAP1R1 and CM levels on past month PTSD and posttraumatic stress (PTS) severity were examined using logistic regression and a general linear model, respectively. As a secondary analysis, we also assessed main and interacting effects of ADCYAP1R1 and CM variation on risk of past-month depression diagnosis and symptom severity. RESULTS: No significant main effects were observed for ADCYAP1R1 genotype on either PTSD/PTS severity. In contrast, a significant ADCYAP1R1 × CM interaction was observed for both past month PTSD and PTS severity, with carriers of the “C” allele showing enhanced risk for these outcomes among women exposed to CM. No significant main or interaction effects were observed for past month depression/depression severity. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation at the ADCYAP1R1 locus interacts with CM to shape risk of later PTSD, but not depression, among women. The molecular mechanisms contributing to this interaction require further investigation.
HubMed – depression

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