Tear Film Break-Up Time in Bipolar Disorder.

Tear Film Break-up Time in Bipolar Disorder.

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Iran J Psychiatry. 2012; 7(4): 191-3
Dibajnia P, Mohammadinia M, Moghadasin M, Amiri MA

Ocular dryness is a well-recognized adverse side effect of many topical and systemic medications. In psychiatry, patients who have consumed such drugs as lithium carbonate and sodium valproate frequently experience dry eye symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare tear film stability between patients who use these drugs with those patients who are not on medication.After obtaining informed consent, the tear film break up time (TBUT) test was performed in 96 eyes of 48 subjects. The subjects were placed in to three groups. Participants included two groups of euthymic bipolar disorder patients (16 cases each) with history of pharmacotherapy for more than two years. Patients in each group were taking only one type of mood stabilizer (lithium carbonate or sodium valproate). In addition,16 age-matched bipolar patients who did not take any topical or systemic medications were included in a control group. Values of TBUT were compared between the three groups using the student’s t-test.The mean tear film break up time (TBUT) in test groups were 4.88 seconds± 0.34(lithium group), 4.81 seconds ± 1.60 (valproate group) and 15seconds± 2.0(control group), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the first and the second groups in TBUT values, but significant differences were found between the two groups and the control group (P< 0.0001).The results of this study show that lithium carbonate and sodium valproate contribute to decrease of tear film break up time, resulting from dryness of the eyes. HubMed – rehab

The effects of anxiety on balance parameters in young female university students.

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Iran J Psychiatry. 2012; 7(4): 176-9
Rahimi A, Abadi ZE

In human beings, the balance control is a result of an integration of physical and psychological factors and people show different reactions when feel anxious or face stability threatened conditions such as standing on an unstable surface. University students, particularly the female ones, are a group of the society who are prone to face anxieties. The current study focused on the effects of anxiety on balance index in young female university students.A group of 15 female students with a high anxiety score (higher than 42 in Shpielberger Questionnaire) and a group of 15 female students with a low anxiety score (lower than 42 in Shpielberger Questionnaire) were recruited for this study. Using a Biodex stabilometer (Biodex System, USA), the antero-posterior (AP), medio-latral (ML) and the overall dynamic stability index (SI) of the subjects were recorded and compared.The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups. Subjects with a high anxiety score showed a stability index higher than those in the low anxiety group (p<0.005), which simply indicate significantly less stability in this group.This study showed that subjects with higher anxiety scores were less stable compared to those subjects with lower anxiety scores. HubMed – rehab

Comparison of Hamstring Strain Injury Rates Between Male and Female Intercollegiate Soccer Athletes.

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Am J Sports Med. 2013 Feb 13;
Cross KM, Gurka KK, Saliba S, Conaway M, Hertel J

BACKGROUND:Hamstring strains are common among soccer athletes, and they have a high incidence of recurrence. Among American collegiate soccer players, men have an overall higher incidence rate of hamstring strains than women. PURPOSE:This research compares the hamstring strain injury rates in event and athlete characteristics between male and female college soccer athletes. STUDY DESIGN:Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS:Data describing partial and complete hamstring strains were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) for men’s and women’s soccer from 2004 to 2009. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the incidence of hamstring strains between the sexes as well as during games versus practices and the preseason versus the in-season were calculated. ?(2) tests were used to compare the occurrence of hamstring strains across different event and athlete characteristics. RESULTS:Men were 64% more likely than women to sustain a hamstring strain (IRR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.37-1.96). Men had significantly higher rates of hamstring strains than women during both games (IRR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.82-3.23) and practices (IRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.68). There were no differences between men and women in injury rates during the preseason, but men were significantly more likely to sustain a hamstring strain during the in-season (IRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.56-2.52). Men had a significantly higher proportion of recurrent hamstring strains compared with women (men, 22%; women, 12%; P = .003). There were no significant differences in the distribution of strains in event or athlete characteristics between men and women for first-time or recurrent hamstring strains. CONCLUSION:In collegiate soccer, men have significantly higher rates of hamstring strains than women, and regardless of the recurrence status, the event and athlete characteristics were similar for both sexes. Identifying common characteristics may assist in the targeted development of preventive and rehabilitative programs as well as continued research on hamstring strains among collegiate soccer players.
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