A Methamphetamine Vaccine Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Disruptions in Thermoregulation and Activity in Rats.
A Methamphetamine Vaccine Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Disruptions in Thermoregulation and Activity in Rats.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Oct 22;
Miller ML, Moreno AY, Aarde SM, Creehan KM, Vandewater SA, Vaillancourt BD, Wright MJ, Janda KD, Taffe MA
BACKGROUND: There are no approved pharmacotherapies for d-methamphetamine (METH) addiction and existing therapies have limited efficacy. Advances in using immunotherapeutic approaches for cocaine and nicotine addiction have stimulated interest in creating a similar approach for METH addiction. This study investigated whether active vaccination against METH could potentially attenuate responses to METH in vivo. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32) received a four-boost series with one of three candidate anti-METH vaccines (MH2[R], MH6, and MH7) or a control keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine. Effects of METH on rectal temperature and wheel activity at 27°C ambient temperature were determined. The most efficacious vaccine, MH6, was then contrasted with keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine in a subsequent experiment (n = 16), wherein radiotelemetry determined home cage locomotor activity and body temperature at 23°C ambient temperature. RESULTS: The MH6 vaccine produced high antibody titers with nanomolar affinity for METH and sequestered METH in the periphery of rats. In experiment 1, the thermoregulatory and psychomotor responses produced by METH at 27°C were blocked in the MH6 group. In experiment 2, METH-induced decreases in body temperature and locomotor activity at 23°C were also attenuated in the MH6 group. A pharmacokinetic study in experiment 2 showed that MH6-vaccinated rats had higher METH serum concentrations, yet lower brain METH concentrations, than control rats, and METH concentrations correlated with individual antibody titer. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that active immunopharmacotherapy provides functional protection against physiological and behavioral disruptions induced by METH.
HubMed – addiction
Opiate-induced Changes in Brain Adenosine Levels and Narcotic Drug Responses.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Neuroscience. 2012 Oct 22;
Wu M, Sahbaie P, Zheng M, Lobato R, Boison D, David Clark J, Peltz G
We have very little information about the metabolomic changes that mediate neurobehavioral responses, including addiction. It was possible that opioid-induced metabolomic changes in brain could mediate some of the pharmacodynamic effects of opioids. To investigate this, opiate-induced brain metabolomic responses were profiled using a semi-targeted method in C57BL/6 and 129Sv1 mice, which exhibit extreme differences in their tendency to become opiate dependent. Escalating morphine doses (10-40 mg/kg) administered over a 4-day period selectively induced a two-fold decrease (p<0.00005) in adenosine abundance in the brainstem of C57BL/6 mice, which exhibited symptoms of narcotic drug dependence; but did not decrease adenosine abundance in 129Sv1 mice, which do not exhibit symptoms of dependence. Based on this finding, the effect of adenosine on dependence was investigated in genetically engineered mice with alterations in adenosine tone in the brain and in pharmacologic experiments. Morphine withdrawal behaviors were significantly diminished (P<0.0004) in genetically engineered mice with reduced adenosine tone in the brainstem, and by treatment with an adenosine receptor(1) (A(1)) agonist (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, 0.5 mg/kg) or an A(2a) receptor (A(2a)) antagonist (SCH 58261 1 mg/kg). These results indicate that adenosine homeostasis plays a crucial role in narcotic drug responses. Opiate-induced changes in brain adenosine levels may explain many important neurobehavioral features associated with opiate addiction and withdrawal. HubMed – addiction
Validation and comparison of diagnostic accuracy of four screening tools for mental disorders in people seeking treatment for substance use disorders.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Oct 22;
Rush B, Castel S, Brands B, Toneatto T, Veldhuizen S
This study aimed to validate and compare performance of four screening tools for mental disorders in a heterogeneous population seeking substance use treatment. A total of 544 clients were recruited prospectively from three treatment centres and completed the screening instruments followed by a reference standard psychiatric interview for research diagnosis. Performance relative to the reference standard was compared across instruments using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Screening tools included the GAIN-SS-IDScr; the K6, the Psychiatric Sub-scale of the Addiction Severity Index, and the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. All the screening tools performed reasonably well detecting broad groupings of disorders-any past-month disorder, any depressive disorder, anxiety disorder or psychotic disorder, with the GAIN-SS-IDScr being most efficient due to its shorter length. Results strengthen previous validation data for each of the tools investigated and support their use in detecting mental disorders in the substance use treatment population specifically.
HubMed – addiction
Behavioral neurobiology of alcohol addiction. Preface.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2013; 13: v-vii
Sommer W, Spanagel R
English Mountain Recovery-27 Acre Rehab Retreat – Our Drug Alcohol Recovery Treatment Programs at English Mountain Recovery The English Mountain Recovery program for alcohol and drug addiction, offers treatment stays for 90 days and longer. Our program includes, but is not limited to lectures, films, family sessions, 12 Step introduction, equine therapy, creative arts, individual and group sessions. During this time the individuals learn how to overcome self-defeating patterns, develop new patterns of behavior and establish positive attitudes. The most effective treatment is when the family is involved in the process. The family begins to understand the dynamics of the disease of addiction and the recovery process necessary for all. Our addiction rehab program seeks family healing and teaches how to resist anger, demoralization and how to be supportive of one another.
More Addiction Rehab Information…