A Neurocognitive Approach to Understanding the Neurobiology of Addiction.
A neurocognitive approach to understanding the neurobiology of addiction.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Feb 7;
Noël X, Brevers D, Bechara A
Recent concepts of addiction to drugs (e.g. cocaine) and non-drugs (e.g. gambling) have proposed that these behaviors are the product of an imbalance between three separate, but interacting, neural systems: an impulsive, largely amygdala-striatum dependent, neural system that promotes automatic, habitual and salient behaviors; a reflective, mainly prefrontal cortex dependent, neural system for decision-making, forecasting the future consequences of a behavior, and inhibitory control; and the insula that integrates interoception states into conscious feelings and into decision-making processes that are involved in uncertain risk and reward. These systems account for poor decision-making (i.e. prioritizing short-term consequences of a decisional option) leading to more elevated addiction risk and relapse. This article provides neural evidence for this three-systems neural model of addiction.
HubMed – addiction
Dual epidemics of syphilis and methamphetamine use among drug users in Shandong Province of China.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
AIDS Care. 2013 Feb 11;
Liao M, Kang D, Tao X, Li J, Qian Y, Wang G, Jiang B, Bi Z, Jia Y
We assessed the types of drugs, the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and its correlates among Shandong’s drug users in China. Two consecutive cross-sectional surveys in 2009 and 2010 provided demographics, types of drugs, sexual and drug-use behaviors, and HIV-related services. Of the 1320 unique, eligible participants, 81.1% were male, two-thirds <35 years of age, 13.0% non-Shandong residents; in the past year, majority (96.4%) reported ever using methamphetamine, 3.4% using heroin, 8.6% using ?2 types of these drugs and 8.0% injecting drugs, 63.8% having commercial sex. HIV and syphilis prevalence were 0.2% and 8.3%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, syphilis was independently associated with female, non-Shandong residents, higher levels of education, and 2010. Synthetic drugs, especially methamphetamine, have become the predominant sources of drug addiction. The emerging epidemic of syphilis potentially driven by methamphetamine use underscored the urgency to implement an effective sex and substance use-related intervention. HubMed – addiction
[Cooperation with drug addiction rehabilitation center in Hokkaido area].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2012 Oct; 47(5): 194-201
Ashizawa T
There are about sixty therapeutic communities for drug dependence called DARC (Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center) that is the only rehabilitation facilities managed by staffs recovered from drug dependence to use the method of twelve steps in Japan. DARC plays an important role to resolve problems of drug dependence. The subject matter of this paper concerns how medical services should cooperate with DARC. A few studies had pointed out that DARC had some outstanding problems. But there have been no studies based on longitudinal observations. I have been cooperating with DARC in Hokkaido area (HDARC) for seven years. I reported the prognosis and the employment in the users of HDARC, as well as the foundation and the management of HDARC. I explained my policies that I did not prescribe benzodiazepine and its analogs, and that I did not urinalysis to detect illicit drugs. I discussed the meaning of recovered counselors, therapeutic communities for drug dependence and drug court in Japan.
HubMed – addiction
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