Addiction Rehab: Burden of Disease in Adolescents and Young People in Spain.
Burden of disease in adolescents and young people in Spain.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2012 Aug 29;
Catalá-López F, Gènova-Maleras R, Alvarez-Martín E, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Morant-Ginestar C
OBJECTIVE: This article analyses the burden of disease in adolescents and young people in Spain in 2008. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study. We estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and cause for subjects aged 15-29 years. Data sources were used: 1) National death records by age, sex and cause; 2) Population data (both in July 2008); and 3) Estimates of the disability pattern for European countries with very low mortality. RESULTS: In 2008, adolescents and young people lost 786,479 DALYs (414,346 in males). Non-communicable diseases generated 661,282 DALYs (84% of the total). The main specific causes of disease burden were: unipolar depression (16% of DALYs), alcohol use disorders (11%), migraine (9%), bipolar disorder (7%), schizophrenia (6%), road traffic accidents (5%) and drug addiction disorders (5%). CONCLUSIONS: The burden of disease expressed in DALYs can define the loss of health in adolescents and young people. At these ages, health promotion and protection are essential to prevent the onset of disease in adulthood.
HubMed – addiction
Corrected QT interval during treatment with methadone and buprenorphine-Relation to doses and serum concentrations.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Oct 16;
Stallvik M, Nordstrand B, Kristensen O, Bathen J, Skogvoll E, Spigset O
BACKGROUND: Methadone and buprenorphine are widely used in the treatment of opioid addiction. Some study results suggest that methadone can be associated with QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes ventricular arrhythmias, whereas no such risk has been observed for buprenorphine. The aim of this study is to determine the risk of corrected QT interval (QTc) increase among patients treated with these medications in an opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) programme, and to study possible associations between QTc changes and serum concentrations of methadone or buprenorphine. METHODS: Eighty patients enrolled in the OMT programme were followed after start of treatment with methadone (n=45) or buprenorphine (n=35). QTc interval was assessed by electrocardiography (ECG) at baseline and after 1 month (n=79) and 6 months (n=66) in the OMT programme. Blood samples were obtained for the analysis of serum concentrations of buprenorphine, (R)-methadone, (S)-methadone and total methadone. RESULTS: No patients had QTc prolongation (defined as a QTc value above 450ms) at baseline or after 1 or 6 months. When analysed in a linear mixed effects model, QTc was not associated with the serum concentrations of buprenorphine or methadone. However, low serum potassium levels increased QTc significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These results support and extend previous findings that treatment with methadone in modest doses (i.e. below 100mg/d) is not associated with clinically significant QTc increases, and that buprenorphine in commonly used doses is a suitable alternative to methadone with regard to the risk of QTc prolongation.
HubMed – addiction
Heterogeneity of compulsive buyers based on impulsivity and compulsivity dimensions: A latent profile analytic approach.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Oct 18;
Yi S
Despite the recognition that compulsive buyers are not one homogenous group, there is a dearth of theory-guided empirical investigation. Furthermore, although compulsivity and impulsivity are used as major psychiatric criteria for diagnosing compulsive buyers, these dimensions have rarely been considered in assessing the heterogeneity issue. We fill this gap by applying the motivation shift model of addiction to compulsive buying and empirically assessing the heterogeneity issue in the bi-dimensional space represented by the buying impulsivity and compulsivity dimensions. These hypotheses were tested with latent profile analysis based on survey data (N=445). Consistent with the hypothesis, we identified the cluster of buyers with high buying compulsivity and impulsivity (“compulsive-impulsive buyers”), the cluster of buyers with low buying compulsivity and high impulsivity (“impulsive excessive buyers”), and the cluster of ordinary buyers. Furthermore, it was found that disparate clusters of buyers exhibit unique dispositional tendencies. Theoretical contributions and policy implications of the findings are discussed as well.
HubMed – addiction
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