Addiction Rehab: Premenstrual Syndrome and Self-Medication With Opioids.
Premenstrual Syndrome and Self-Medication With Opioids.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Addict Med. 2013 Jan 9;
Qurishi R, Sonneborn C, de Jong-Arts M, de Jong C
We have described a patient in opioid substitution treatment using heroin to treat her premenstrual complaints. After a short review of the diagnosis and etiology of premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the relation between premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder and opioid receptors is discussed. In the case of the patient described, increasing the dose of methadone in the premenstrual period produced significant clinical improvement.
HubMed – addiction
Multigenerational effects of adolescent morphine exposure on dopamine D2 receptor function.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Jan 13;
Byrnes JJ, Johnson NL, Carini LM, Byrnes EM
RATIONALE: The use and misuse of prescription opiates in adolescent populations, and in particular, adolescent female populations, has increased dramatically in the past two decades. Given the significant role that opioids play in neuroendocrine function, exposure to opiates during this critical developmental period could have significant consequences for the female, as well as her offspring. OBJECTIVES: In the current set of studies, we utilized the female rat to model the transgenerational impact of adolescent opiate exposure. METHODS: We examined locomotor sensitization in response to the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole in the adult male progeny (F1 and F2 generations) of females exposed to morphine during adolescence. All females were drug-free for at least 3 weeks prior to conception, eliminating the possibility of direct fetal exposure to morphine. RESULTS: Both F1 and F2 progeny of morphine-exposed females demonstrated attenuated locomotor sensitization following repeated quinpirole administration. These behavioral effects were coupled with increased quinpirole-induced corticosterone secretion and upregulated kappa opioid receptor and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) gene expression within the nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest significant modifications in response to repeated D2R activation in the progeny of females exposed to opiates during adolescence. Given the significant role that the D2R plays in psychopathology, adolescent opiate exposure could shift the vulnerability of future offspring to psychological disorders, including addiction. Moreover, that effects are also observed in the F2 generation suggests that adolescent opiate exposure can trigger transgenerational epigenetic modifications impacting systems critical for motivated behavior.
HubMed – addiction
Assessing fidelity to evidence-based practices in usual care: The example of family therapy for adolescent behavior problems.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Eval Program Plann. 2012 Dec 10; 37C: 21-30
Hogue A, Dauber S
This study describes a multimethod evaluation of treatment fidelity to the family therapy (FT) approach demonstrated by front-line therapists in a community behavioral health clinic that utilized FT as its routine standard of care. Study cases (N=50) were adolescents with conduct and/or substance use problems randomly assigned to routine family therapy (RFT) or to a treatment-as-usual clinic not aligned with the FT approach (TAU). Observational analyses showed that RFT therapists consistently achieved a level of adherence to core FT techniques comparable to the adherence benchmark established during an efficacy trial of a research-based FT. Analyses of therapist-report measures found that compared to TAU, RFT demonstrated strong adherence to FT and differentiation from three other evidence-based practices: cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and drug counseling. Implications for rigorous fidelity assessments of evidence-based practices in usual care settings are discussed.
HubMed – addiction
Chronic voluntary alcohol consumption results in tolerance to sedative/hypnotic and hypothermic effects of alcohol in hybrid mice.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Jan 8;
Ozburn AR, Harris RA, Blednov YA
The continuous two bottle choice test is the most common measure of alcohol consumption but there is remarkably little information about the development of tolerance or dependence with this procedure. We showed that C57BL/6JxFVB/NJ and FVB/NJxC57BL/6JF1 hybrid mice demonstrate greater preference for and consumption of alcohol than either parental strain. In order to test the ability of this genetic model of high alcohol consumption to produce neuroadaptation, we examined development of alcohol tolerance and dependence after chronic self-administration using a continuous access two-bottle choice paradigm. Ethanol-experienced mice stably consumed about 16-18g/kg/day of ethanol. Ethanol-induced withdrawal severity was assessed (after 59days of drinking) by scoring handling-induced convulsions; withdrawal severity was minimal and did not differ between ethanol-experienced and -naïve mice. After 71days of drinking, the rate of ethanol clearance was similar for ethanol-experienced and -naïve mice. After 77days of drinking, ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) was tested daily for 5days. Ethanol-experienced mice had a shorter duration of LORR. For both ethanol-experienced and -naïve mice, blood ethanol concentrations taken at gain of righting reflex were greater on day 5 than on day 1, indicative of tolerance. After 98days of drinking, ethanol-induced hypothermia was assessed daily for 3days. Both ethanol-experienced and -naïve mice developed rapid and chronic tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia, with significant group differences on the first day of testing. In summary, chronic, high levels of alcohol consumption in F1 hybrid mice produced rapid and chronic tolerance to both the sedative/hypnotic and hypothermic effects of ethanol; additionally, a small degree of metabolic tolerance developed. The development of tolerance supports the validity of using this model of high alcohol consumption in genetic studies of alcoholism.
HubMed – addiction
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