Addiction Rehab: Tobacco Use and Its Treatment Among Young People in Mental Health Settings: A Qualitative Analysis.

Tobacco Use and Its Treatment Among Young People in Mental Health Settings: A Qualitative Analysis.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Jan 15;
Prochaska JJ, Fromont SC, Wa C, Matlow R, Ramo DE, Hall SM

BACKGROUND: Youth with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of tobacco use. Outpatient mental health settings have received little investigation for delivering tobacco treatment. This study obtained formative data to guide development of a tobacco cessation program for transitional age youth with co-occurring psychiatric disorders with a focus on outpatient mental health settings. METHODS: Applying qualitative methods, we analyzed transcripts from interviews with 14 mental health clients (aged 16-23) and 8 mental health providers. RESULTS: The youth identified internal (nicotine addiction and mood), social, parental, and media influences to their use of tobacco. Providers’ viewed youth tobacco use as a normative developmental process, closely tied to management of psychiatric symptoms, supported by parents, and of lower priority relative to youth alcohol and illicit drug use. Youth and providers believed that clinicians can do more to address tobacco use in practice and emphasized nonjudgmental support and nondirective approaches. Top recommended quitting strategies, however, differed notably for the youth (cold turkey, support from friends, physical activity, hobbies) and providers (cessation pharmacotherapy, cessation groups, treatment referrals). CONCLUSIONS: Mental health providers’ greater prioritization of other substances and view of youth smoking as developmentally normative and a coping strategy for psychopathology are likely contributing to the general lack of attention to tobacco use currently. Integrating care within mental health settings would serve to reach youth in an arena where clinical rapport is already established, and study findings suggest receptivity for system improvements. Of consideration, however, is the apparent disconnect between provider and youth recommended strategies for supporting cessation.
HubMed – addiction

Priming effect of antismoking PSAs on smoking behaviour: a pilot study.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Tob Control. 2013 Jan 15;
Harris JL, Pierce M, Bargh JA

OBJECTIVE: Social marketing is commonly proposed to counteract advertising and other messages that promote unhealthy products. However, public service campaigns can also ‘boomerang’ or ironically increase the unhealthy behaviours they are designed to discourage. The present study examined whether antismoking public service announcements (PSAs) could increase smoking behaviour immediately following exposure. METHODS: In an experimental study, 56 smokers were randomly assigned to watch a short television segment with a commercial break that included either (1) a Philip Morris ‘QuitAssist’ PSA; (2) a Legacy ‘truth’ antismoking PSA; or (3) a control PSA. Smoking behaviour was assessed during a short break immediately following television viewing. RESULTS: Participants who saw the Philip Morris antismoking PSA were significantly more likely to smoke during a break (42%) compared with participants in the control condition (11%), and participants in the ‘truth’ condition were marginally more likely to smoke (33%). These differences could not be explained by factors such as mood or level of addiction, and effects occurred outside of participants’ conscious awareness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary evidence that antismoking campaigns could ironically increase immediate smoking behaviours among smokers. The long-term benefits of proven public health campaigns, including ‘truth,’ are likely to outweigh any short-term boomerang effects. However, industry-sponsored messages in which companies have an economic incentive to increase consumption behaviours should be treated with scepticism and evaluated independently.
HubMed – addiction

Extended Heroin Access Increases Heroin Choices Over a Potent Nondrug Alternative.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 Jan 15;
Lenoir M, Cantin L, Vanhille N, Serre F, Ahmed SH

Epidemiological research shows that the proportion of drug users who become addicted to heroin is higher than to cocaine. Here we tested whether this difference could be due to a difference in the addiction liability between the two drugs. Addiction liability was assessed under a discrete-trials choice procedure by measuring the proportion of rats that prefer the drug over a potent alternative reward (ie, water sweetened with saccharin). Previous research on choice between self-administration of i.v. cocaine or sweet water showed that the proportion of cocaine-preferring rats remains relatively low and invariable (ie, 15%), even after extended drug access and regardless of past drug consumption (ie total drug use before choice testing). In contrast, the present study shows that under similar choice conditions, the proportion of heroin-preferring rats considerably increases with extended heroin access (6-9?h per day for several weeks) and with past heroin consumption, from 11-51% at the highest past drug consumption level. At this level, the proportion of drug-preferring rats was about 3 times higher with heroin than with cocaine (51 vs 15%). This increase in the rate of heroin preference after extended heroin access persisted even after recovery from acute heroin withdrawal. Overall, these findings which extend to rats recent choice studies in heroin-dependent monkeys show that choice procedures are uniquely sensitive to different drugs and suggest that heroin is more addictive than cocaine. This higher addiction liability may contribute to explain why more drug users become addicted to heroin than to cocaine in epidemiological studies.Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 15 January 2013; doi:10.1038/npp.2013.17.
HubMed – addiction

Loss of environmental enrichment increases vulnerability to cocaine addiction.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013 Feb; 38(3): 542
Nader J, Claudia C, El Rawas R, Favot L, Jaber M, Thiriet N, Solinas M

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