Assessing Youth Participation in AA-Related Helping: Validity of the Service to Others in Sobriety (SOS) Questionnaire in an Adolescent Sample.
Assessing Youth Participation in AA-Related Helping: Validity of the Service to Others in Sobriety (SOS) Questionnaire in an Adolescent Sample.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Am J Addict. 2013 Jan; 22(1): 60-6
Pagano ME, Kelly JF, Scur MD, Ionescu RA, Stout RL, Post SG
The positive outcomes derived from participation in Alcoholics Anonymous-related helping (AAH) found among adults has spurred study of AAH among minors with addiction. AAH includes acts of good citizenship in AA, formal service positions, public outreach, and transmitting personal experience to another fellow sufferer. Addiction research with adolescents is hindered by few validated assessments of 12-step activity among minors. This study provides psychometric findings of the “Service to Others in Sobriety (SOS)” questionnaire as completed by youths.Multi-informant data was collected prospectively from youth self-reports, clinician-rated assessments, biomarkers, and medical chart records for youths (N?=?195) after residential treatment.Few youths (7%) did not participate in any AAH during treatment. Results indicated the SOS as a unidimensional scale with adequate psychometric properties, including inter-informant reliability (r?=?.5), internal consistency (alpha?=?.90), and convergent validity (rs?=?-.3 to .3). Programmatic AAH activities distinguished abstinent youths in a random half-sample, and replicated on the other half-sample. The SOS cut-point of 40 indicated high AAH participation.The SOS appears to be a valid measure of AAH, suggesting clinical utility for enhancing treatment and identifying service opportunities salient to sobriety. (Am J Addict 2013;22:60-66).
HubMed – addiction
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Neuropsychological Function in Schizophrenia in Comparison to Other Psychiatric Disorders and Non-psychiatric Controls.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Am J Addict. 2013 Jan; 22(1): 46-53
Morisano D, Wing VC, Sacco KA, Arenovich T, George TP
Compared to the general population cigarette smoking prevalence is elevated in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). These disorders are also associated with neurocognitive impairments. Cigarette smoking is associated with improved cognition in SZ. The effects of smoking on cognition in BD and MDD are less well studied.We used a cross-sectional design to study neuropsychological performance in these disorders as a function of smoking status. Subjects (N?=?108) were SZ smokers (n?=?32), SZ non-smokers (n?=?15), BD smokers (n?=?10), BD non-smokers (n?=?6), MDD smokers (n?=?6), MDD non-smokers (n?=?10), control smokers (n?=?12), and control non-smokers (n?=?17). Participants completed a neuropsychological battery; smokers were non-deprived.SZ subjects performed significantly worse than controls in select domains, while BD and MDD subjects did not differ from controls. Three verbal memory outcomes were improved in SZ smokers compared with non-smokers; smoking status did not alter performance in BD or MDD.These data suggest that smoking is associated with neurocognitive improvements in SZ, but not BD or MDD. Our data may suggest specificity of cigarette-smoking modulation of neurocognitive deficits in SZ. (Am J Addict 2013;22:46-53).
HubMed – addiction
Gender Differences in Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders among Individuals with Lifetime Exposure to Substances: Results from a Large Representative Sample.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Am J Addict. 2013 Jan; 22(1): 7-13
Lev-Ran S, Le Strat Y, Imtiaz S, Rehm J, Le Foll B
Research regarding substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) shows significant gender differences in prevalence of substance use and dependence. Though lifetime exposure to substances is higher among males, previous reports have not regarded gender differences in prevalence of SUDs among individuals formerly exposed to substances. In addition, though substance abuse is particularly important when exploring gender differences, previous reports have largely focused on rates of transition to substance dependence alone. In this study, we explored gender differences in prevalence of SUDs among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances using a single diagnostic category (abuse or dependence).We analyzed 11 different categories of substances: heroin, cocaine, cannabis, nicotine, alcohol, hallucinogens, inhalants, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, and amphetamines. Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 1, n?=?43,093). The impact of gender on prevalence of SUDs among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances was assessed with odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regressions and adjusted for socio-demographic factors.Our results show that among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances, males had a significantly higher prevalence of alcohol (OR?=?2.95), sedatives (OR?=?2.00), cannabis (OR?=?1.93), tranquilizers (OR?=?1.64), opioids (OR?=?1.54), hallucinogens (OR?=?1.31), and cocaine (OR?=?1.26) use disorders compared with females.Using a single broad diagnostic category highlights gender differences in the prevalence of SUDs among individuals with former exposure to substances. Specifically, the significant gender differences found for alcohol, sedatives, and cannabis use disorders may be important for tailoring preventive measures targeted at reducing rates of SUDs among males using these substances. (Am J Addict 2012;XX:000-000) (Am J Addict 2013;22:7-13).
HubMed – addiction
Tough love: A brief cultural history of the addiction intervention.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Hist Psychol. 2012 Aug; 15(3): 233-46
Clark CD
Popular media depictions of intervention and associated confrontational therapies often implicitly reference-and sometimes explicitly present-dated and discredited therapeutic practices. Furthermore, rather than reenacting these practices, contemporary televised interventions revive them. Drawing on a range of literature in family history, psychology, and media studies that covers the course of the last 3 decades, this paper argues that competing discourses about the nuclear family enabled this revival. Historians such as Stephanie Coontz, Elaine Tyler May, and Natasha Zaretsky have demonstrated that the ideal nuclear family in the post-WWII United States was defined by strictly gendered roles for parents and appropriate levels of parental engagement with children. These qualities were supposedly strongly associated with middle-class decorum and material comfort. By the 1970s, this familial ideal was subjected to a variety of criticisms, most notably from mental health practitioners who studied-or attempted to remedy-the problematic family dynamics that arose from, for example, anxious mothers or absent fathers. After psychological professionals began to question the logic of treating maladjusted individuals for the sake of preserving the nuclear family, a therapeutic process for doing exactly that was popularized: the addiction intervention. The delayed prevalence of therapeutic interventions arises from a tension between the psychological establishment that increasingly viewed the nuclear family as the primary site and source of social and psychological ills, and the producers of popular media, who relied on the redemptive myth of the nuclear family as a source of drama. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
HubMed – addiction
Scott Hall The Wrestler ESPN E60 part 1 (FULL VIDEO in HD 1080) – For the ( part 2), click there : www.youtube.com The Wrestler, Scott Hall’s history broadcasted on ESPN E60 Wednesday 10-19-2011 Cautionary Tale Scott Hall’s story of drugs and rehab highlights the substance-abuse problems some former professional wrestlers have faced, and the efforts WWE has taken to try to help. Disclaimer: All the content shown in this video is copyright of the ESPN E60. all copyrights belong to the ESPN E60.
Related Addiction Rehab Information…