Body Composition and Endocrine Profile of Male Olympic Athletes Striving for Leanness.
Body Composition and Endocrine Profile of Male Olympic Athletes Striving for Leanness.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Clin J Sport Med. 2012 Dec 28;
Hagmar M, Berglund B, Brismar K, Hirschberg AL
OBJECTIVE:: To investigate the endocrine profile, body composition, and state of mood in male Olympic athletes participating in sports that do or do not emphasize leanness. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional study. SETTING:: Research unit at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS:: Forty-four Swedish male Olympic athletes participating in 26 different sport disciplines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and blood levels of steroid hormones and biomarkers of nutritional status were analyzed. In addition, states of mood were assessed employing the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test. The athletes were divided into 2 groups on the basis of whether their sporting discipline emphasized leanness or not. RESULTS:: In all subjects, body composition, hormone levels, and POMS scores were within normal ranges. However, the leanness athletes (n = 18) displayed significantly lower proportion of body fat (P < 0.01), higher spinal bone mineral density (P < 0.05), lower serum levels of free testosterone and leptin (P < 0.05, respectively), and higher serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (P < 0.05) than nonleanness athletes (n = 26). Leanness athletes also had higher POMS scores for depression and anger, and a higher global POMS score (P < 0.05, respectively), the latter being positively correlated to the frequency of illness (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) before the Olympic Games. CONCLUSION:: Although there were no indications of energy deficiency or endocrine disturbance in the leanness athletes, their higher POMS scores and frequency of illness may indicate the potential harmfulness of their pursuit of outstanding athletic performance. HubMed – depression
[Satisfaction with an Integrated Care Program for Outpatients with Schizophrenia or Depression.]
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Psychiatr Prax. 2012 Dec 28;
Spill B, Beitinger R, Kissling W, Hamann J
Objective: To study out-patients’ perception of an Integrated Care compliance program.Methods: Survey of patients enrolled in the Integrated Care program “Münchner Modell” in Munich, Germany.Results: N?=?121 patients participated in the survey. Overall patients were very satisfied with the Integrated Care program. They reported improvements in several areas of life.Conclusion: The study highlights the aspects of routine patient care that still need to be improved and shows how these deficits can be addressed by Integrated Care programs.
HubMed – depression
Discriminative stimulus effects of the GABAB receptor-positive modulator rac-BHFF: comparison with GABAB receptor agonists and drugs of abuse.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Dec 28;
Koek W, Cheng K, Rice KC
GABA(B) receptor-positive modulators are thought to have advantages as potential medications for anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. They may have fewer side effects than GABA(B) receptor agonists, because selective enhancement of activated receptors could have effects different from nonselective activation of all receptors. To examine this, pigeons were trained to discriminate the GABA(B) receptor-positive modulator (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one (rac-BHFF) from its vehicle. The discriminative stimulus effects of rac-BHFF were not mimicked by the GABA(B) receptor agonists baclofen and ?-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), not by diazepam, and not by alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine, whose self-administration has been reported to be attenuated by GABA(B) receptor-positive modulators. The discriminative stimulus effects of rac-BHFF were not antagonized by the GABA(B) receptor antagonist 3-aminopropyl (diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP35348) but were attenuated by the less efficacious GABA(B) receptor-positive modulator 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) phenol (CGP7930), suggesting the possibility that rac-BHFF produces its discriminative stimulus effects by directly activating GABA(B2) subunits of GABA(B) receptors. At a dose 10-fold lower than the training dose rac-BHFF enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of baclofen, but not of GHB. This study provides evidence that the effects of GABA(B) receptor-positive modulators are not identical to those of GABA(B) receptor agonists. In addition, the results suggest that positive modulation of GABA(B) receptors does not produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of benzodiazepines, alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. Finally, the finding that rac-BHFF enhanced effects of baclofen but not of GHB is consistent with converging evidence that the populations of GABA(B) receptors mediating the effects of baclofen and GHB are not identical.
HubMed – depression
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