Broad-Spectrum Micronutrient Formulas for the Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms: A Systematic Review.

Broad-spectrum micronutrient formulas for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms: a systematic review.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Expert Rev Neurother. 2013 Jan; 13(1): 49-73
Rucklidge JJ, Kaplan BJ

Ingesting minerals and vitamins in combination makes physiological sense, and research on the use of broad-spectrum formulations for psychiatric symptoms is increasing rapidly. This review covers formulas consisting of at least four vitamins and/or minerals and includes four experimental designs: randomized controlled trials, open-label trials, case-control studies and case studies with within-subject crossovers. Nevertheless, there is evidence for the efficacy of micronutrients in the treatment of stress and antisocial behaviors as well as depressed mood in nonclinical and elderly populations. Many reports studied mood changes in healthy populations, making it difficult to generalize to clinical samples. There is also preliminary support for the treatment of autism with micronutrients. However, despite positive preliminary findings, there are less data available to support efficacy of micronutrient formulas in treating bipolar disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse/dependence and no clinical trials have been done with clinically depressed or anxious patient samples, psychosis or eating disorders.
HubMed – eating disorders

Characteristics and weaning strategies in tube-dependent children.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Pediatr Int. 2012 Dec 17;
Ishizaki A, Hironaka S, Tatsuno M, Mukai Y

BACKGROUND: Despite resolution of the symptoms of eating and/or swallowing disorders, prolonged tube feeding is maintained in some children. This study summarized the characteristics of children with tube dependence and investigated the causes of tube dependence. METHODS: Clinical and growth data were evaluated using medical records and referral forms for 35 tube-dependent children. RESULTS: The children in this study had a median age of 30 months (range, 17-37 months) on the first visit and 35.5 months (range, 21.3-44.8 months) at tube removal. Seven children were not weaned from the feeding tube within the study period. Twenty-two (63%) of the children were girls, 20 (57%) were able to walk, 24 (69%) had mild mental retardation, and 33 (94%) had underlying disease. Tube-dependent children tended to weigh less than age-matched normal children. Sixteen (45.7%) children were underweight. Children who had their feeding tubes removed before age 3 were significantly younger at the initial visit than those who had their tubes removed after 3 years of age. Increased finger feeding was observed during the period before tube removal. CONCLUSION: tube-dependent children tend to be close to normal in body growth and intellectual development. When weaning from tube feeding, interventions at earlier ages are more efficient. Reduction in or discontinuation of tube feeding and encouraging feeding self were effective to wean off tube feeding.
HubMed – eating disorders

Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2012 Dec; 12(6): 745-64
Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Lindefors N

Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) is a promising treatment that may increase availability of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for psychiatric disorders and other clinical problems. The main objective of this study was to determine the applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ICBT. The authors conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials investigating CBT delivered via the internet for adult patient populations. Searches to identify studies investigating cost-effectiveness of ICBT were also conducted. Evidence status for each clinical application was determined using the American Psychologist Association criteria for empirically supported treatments. Of 1104 studies reviewed, 108 met criteria for inclusion, of which 103 reported on clinical efficacy and eight on cost-effectiveness. Results showed that ICBT has been tested for 25 different clinical disorders, whereas most randomized controlled trials have been aimed at depression, anxiety disorders and chronic pain. Internet-based treatments for depression, social phobia and panic disorder were classified as well-established, that is, meeting the highest level of criteria for evidence. Effect sizes were large in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, severe health anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, female sexual dysfunction, eating disorders, cannabis use and pathological gambling. For other clinical problems, effect sizes were small to moderate. Comparison to conventional CBT showed that ICBT produces equivalent effects. Cost-effectiveness data were relatively scarce but suggested that ICBT has more than 50% probability of being cost effective compared with no treatment or to conventional CBT when willingness to pay for an additional improvement is zero. Although ICBT is a promising treatment option for several disorders, it can only be regarded as a well-established treatment for depression, panic disorder and social phobia. It seems that ICBT is as effective as conventional CBT for respective clinical disorder, that is, if conventional CBT works then ICBT works. The large effects and the limited therapist time required suggest that the treatment is highly cost effective for well-established indications.
HubMed – eating disorders

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