CPAP Therapy in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Does It Offer a Better Quality of Life and Sleep?

CPAP therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and obstructive sleep apnea: does it offer a better quality of life and sleep?

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Sleep Breath. 2013 Feb 6;
Mermigkis C, Bouloukaki I, Antoniou KM, Mermigkis D, Psathakis K, Giannarakis I, Varouchakis G, Siafakas N, Schiza SE

BACKGROUND: The recent literature shows an increased incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). On the other hand, there are no published studies related to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in this patient group. Our aim was to assess the effect of CPAP on sleep and overall life quality parameters in IPF patients with OSA and to recognize and overcome possible difficulties in CPAP initiation and acceptance by these patients. METHODS: Twelve patients (ten males and two females, age 67.1?±?7.2 years) with newly diagnosed IPF and moderate to severe OSA, confirmed by overnight attended polysomnography, were included. Therapy with CPAP was initiated after a formal in-lab CPAP titration study. The patients completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Functional Outcomes in Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at CPAP initiation and after 1, 3, and 6 months of effective CPAP therapy. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement was observed in the FOSQ at 1, 3, and 6 months after CPAP initiation (baseline 12.9?±?2.9 vs. 14.7?±?2.6 vs. 15.8?±?2.1 vs. 16.9?±?1.9, respectively, p?=?0.02). Improvement, although not statistically significant, was noted in ESS score (9.2?±?5.6 vs. 7.6?±?4.9 vs. 7.5?±?5.3 vs. 7.7?±?5.2, p?=?0.84), PSQI (10.7?±?4.4 vs. 10.1?±?4.3 vs. 9.4?±?4.7 vs. 8.6?±?5.2, p?=?0.66), FSS (39.5?±?10.2 vs. 34.8?±?8.5 vs. 33.6?±?10.7 vs. 33.4?±?10.9, p?=?0.44), SF-36 (63.2?±?13.9 vs. 68.9?±?13.5 vs. 72.1?±?12.9 vs. 74.4?±?11.3, p?=?0.27), and BDI (12.9?±?5.5 vs. 10.7?±?4.3 vs. 9.4?±?4.8 vs. 9.6?±?4.5, p?=?0.40). Two patients had difficulty complying with CPAP for a variety of reasons (nocturnal cough, claustrophobia, insomnia) and stopped CPAP use after the first month, despite intense follow-up by the CPAP clinic staff. Heated humidification was added for all patients in order to improve the common complaint of disabling nocturnal cough. CONCLUSION: Effective CPAP treatment in IPF patients with OSA results in a significant improvement in daily living activities based on the FOSQ, namely an OSA-specific follow-up instrument. Improvement was also noted in other questionnaires assessing quality of life, though not to a statistically significant degree, probably because of the multifactorial influences of IPF on physical and mental health. The probability of poor CPAP compliance was high and could only be eliminated with intense follow-up by the CPAP clinic staff.
HubMed – depression

Corticosterone Suppresses the Proliferation of RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells via Glucocorticoid, but not Mineralocorticoid, Receptor.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Biol Pharm Bull. 2013 Feb 6;
Nakatani Y, Amano T, Takeda H

Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues that are produced by monocytes and help to protect against infection by bacteria through phagocytosis. Several studies have shown a correlation between the state of depression and abnormalities in the immune response. Corticosterone (CORT), which is often referred to as the stress hormone, is a well-known regulator of peripheral immune responses and also shows anti-inflammatory properties in the body. However, it is still unclear how CORT regulates macrophage function. In this study, we focused on the effects of CORT on the proliferation and survival of macrophage cells using the macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Under treatment with 10?M CORT for 24h, the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells decreased to 73.6% of that in the control. Moreover, this inhibition was blocked by treatment with mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, but not by spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist. In an LDH assay, CORT did not show any cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. JC-1 cell staining also showed that CORT did not influence mitochondrial dysfunction in RAW264.7 cells. In an investigation of the modulation of a signaling cascade by CORT, treatment with CORT promoted the translocation of GR, but not MR, from the cytosol to the nucleus in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CORT suppresses the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells by controlling the transcription of a particular gene, which is related to cell proliferation, through the formation of a CORT-GR complex.
HubMed – depression

Screening for poststroke major depression: a meta-analysis of diagnostic validity studies.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013 Feb 5;
Meader N, Moe-Byrne T, Llewellyn A, Mitchell AJ

BACKGROUND: Major depression is common in stroke patients and associated with increased rates of disability and mortality. Identifying depression may improve mental and physical health. The aim of this review was to determine the most accurate tool for detecting poststroke depression. METHODS: Seven databases were searched up to November 2012. Two authors selected studies using International Classification of Disease  or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnosis of depression as the reference standard. Two authors extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Included studies were synthesised using meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 24 included studies provided data on 2907 participants. The Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CESD) (sensitivity: 0.75; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.85; specificity: 0.88; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (sensitivity: 0.84; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.90; specificity:0.83; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 (sensitivity: 0.86; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.94; specificity: 0.79; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90) appeared to be the optimal measures for screening measures. However, the clinical utility of all tools was modest for case-finding. INTERPRETATION: There are a number of possible instruments that may help in screening for poststroke depression but none are satisfactory for case-finding. Preliminary data suggests the CESD, HDRS or the PHQ-9 as the most promising options. Although it should be noted such scales should not be used in isolation but followed up with a more detailed clinical assessment. While there is promising data for the PHQ-2 in other populations, it performed less well than other measures.
HubMed – depression

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