Depression Treatment: Anxiety and Depression Are Associated With Migraine and Pain in General: An Investigation of the Interrelationships.
Anxiety and Depression Are Associated With Migraine and Pain in General: An Investigation of the Interrelationships.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
J Pain. 2013 Feb 5;
Ligthart L, Gerrits MM, Boomsma DI, Penninx BW
There is a well-established comorbidity between migraine and anxiety and depression (A/D). Here, we investigate whether this relationship is specific for migraine and A/D or whether other types of pain are also consistently associated with A/D. In addition, we test whether there is a consistent association between migraine and other types of pain when comorbidity with A/D is controlled for. Data on A/D, migraine, and 6 nonheadache pain locations (back, neck, orofacial area, abdomen, joints, and chest) were analyzed in 2,981 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). It was tested whether the prevalence of pain in each individual location, as well as the total number of pain locations, depended on A/D and migraine status. A/D was consistently associated with pain in all measured locations. Migraine was also associated with pain in all anatomical sites, but these associations weakened substantially after correction for A/D severity, suggesting that a considerable part of the comorbidity of migraine and other types of pain may be explained by A/D. These findings emphasize the importance of accounting for A/D in studies of pain comorbidity. This will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying A/D and pain. PERSPECTIVE: Anxiety and depression are consistently associated with pain, regardless of anatomical site. These disorders may be important factors in the co-occurrence of different pain disorders. Awareness of this comorbidity and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms may facilitate adequate treatment of both types of conditions.
HubMed – depression
Neuropsychological predictors of dementia in late-life major depressive disorder.
Filed under: Depression Treatment
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Mar; 21(3): 297-306
Potter GG, Wagner HR, Burke JR, Plassman BL, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Steffens DC
Major depressive disorder is a likely risk factor for dementia, but some cases of major depressive disorder in older adults may actually represent a prodrome of this condition. The purpose of this study was to use neuropsychological test scores to predict conversion to dementia in a sample of depressed older adults diagnosed as nondemented at the time of neuropsychological testing.Longitudinal, with mean follow-up of 5.45 years.Outpatient depression treatment study at Duke University.Thirty nondemented individuals depressed at the time of neuropsychological testing and later diagnosed with incident dementia; 149 nondemented individuals depressed at the time of neuropsychological testing and a diagnosis of cognitively normal.All participants received clinical assessment of depression, were assessed to rule out prevalent dementia at the time of study enrollment, completed neuropsychological testing at the time of study enrollment, and were diagnosed for cognitive disorders on an annual basis.Nondemented, acutely depressed older adults who converted to dementia during the study period exhibited broadly lower cognitive performances at baseline than acutely depressed individuals who remained cognitively normal. Discriminant function analysis indicated that 2 neuropsychological tests, Recognition Memory (from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological battery) and Trail Making B, best predicted dementia conversion.Depressed older adults with cognitive deficits in the domains of memory and executive functions during acute depression are at higher risk for developing dementia. Some cases of late-life depression may reflect a prodrome of dementia in which clinical manifestation of mood changes may co-occur with emerging cognitive deficits.
HubMed – depression
Depression Treatment Guidelines – HealthyPlace.com Medical Director, Dr. Harry Croft, reviews the depression treatment guidelines for mild, moderate and severe depression. For comprehensive information on depression, visit the HealthyPlace.com Depression Information Center: www.healthyplace.com
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