Depression Treatment: Impact of Early-Life Stress and Resilience on Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

Impact of early-life stress and resilience on patients with major depressive disorder.

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Yonsei Med J. 2012 Nov 1; 53(6): 1093-8
Seok JH, Lee KU, Kim W, Lee SH, Kang EH, Ham BJ, Yang JC, Chae JH

Purpose: Early-life stress (ELS) has a long-lasting effect on affective function and may entail an increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, resilience can play a protective role against developing psychopathology. In this study, we investigated the relationships of depressive symptoms with ELS and resilience in MDD. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with MDD as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Each subject was assessed concerning ELS, resilience, and depressive symptom severity with self-report questionnaires. Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test were performed to compare ELS and resilience between the patient and control groups. Spearman correlation analyses and linear regression analysis were conducted to investigate significant ELS and resilience factors associated with depressive symptoms. Results: In the MDD patient group, subjects reported greater exposure to inter- parental violence, and five factor scores on the resilience scale were significantly lower in comparison to the control group. In linear regression analysis, in regards to resilience, depressive symptom score was significantly associated with self-confidence and self-control factors; however, ELS demonstrated no significant association with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Among resilience factors, self-confidence and self-control may ameliorate depressive symptoms in MDD. ELS, including inter-parental violence, physical abuse and emotional abuse, might be a risk factor for developing depression. Assessment of early-life stress and intervention programs for increasing resilience capacity would be helpful in treating MDD.
HubMed – depression

[Migraine and Cadiac Shunts – is there a Link?].

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Praxis (Bern 1994). 2012 Oct 17; 101(21): 1361-5
Riederer F

Recently an association between migraine and cardiac shunts (e.g. through a patent foramen ovale, PFO) has been described. There is evidence from mostly retrospective case series that PFO closure can significantly improve migraine. On the other hand an increase in attack frequency or de novo migraine after percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect has been described. Animal experiments showed that microemboli in the cerebral circulation can trigger a cortical spreading depression, which is believed the pathophysiological substrate of migraine aura. A randomized controlled trial that investigated PFO closure for treatment resistant migraine with aura was negative. It is currently discussed whether certain subgroups, who have a high risk for paradoxical embolism, might improve after PFO closer.
HubMed – depression

[Questioning the mechanism behind slow breathing and heart coherence train].

Filed under: Depression Treatment

Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2012; 54(10): 879-88
Houtveen JH, Hornsveld HK, van Trier J, van Doornen LJ

background Slow breathing and heart coherence training are being offered increasingly as treatments for anxiety, depression and stress-related mental and somatic complaints. Both of these interventions are aimed at influencing (i.e. increasing or ‘optimising’) heart rate variability and the mechanism involved is described in terms such as heart coherence, resonance breathing and heart-brain communication. aim To find out whether treatment effects are indeed based on the optimisation of heart rate variability. method Our literature search focused on 1) the assumption that poor mental health is definitely linked to deviant heart rate variability, and 2) the assumption that optimising heart rate variability leads specifically to a reduction of complaints and symptoms. results There is insufficient evidence to support these two assumptions. conclusion Slow breathing and heart coherence training probably achieve their effects as a result of non-specific psychological mechanisms.
HubMed – depression

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