Dietary Patterns: A Novel Approach to Examine the Link Between Nutrition and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals.
Dietary patterns: a novel approach to examine the link between nutrition and cognitive function in older individuals.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Nutr Res Rev. 2012 Jul 4; 1-16
Allès B, Samieri C, Féart C, Jutand MA, Laurin D, Barberger-Gateau P
Cognitive decline may lead to dementia whose most frequent cause is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the many potential risk factors of cognitive decline and AD, diet raises increasing interest. Most studies considered diet in the frame of a single nutrient approach with inconsistent results. A novel approach to examine the link between nutrition and cognitive function is the use of dietary patterns. The aim of the present review was to update and complete the body of knowledge about dietary patterns in relationship with various cognitive outcomes in the elderly. Two approaches can be used: a priori and a posteriori patterns. A priori patterns are defined by the adhesion to a pre-defined healthy diet using a score such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) score, the Healthy Eating Index, the Canadian Healthy Eating Index, the French National Nutrition and Health Programme (Programme National Nutrition Santé) Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), the Recommended Food Score (RFS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). MeDi score, RFS, PNNS-GS and DASH have been associated with lower risks of cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and dementia or AD. Principal components analysis, reduced rank regression and clustering methods allow the identification of ‘healthy’ patterns associated with lower risk of cognitive decline. However, some studies did not report any associations with cognitive outcomes and results are discordant especially regarding MeDi and the risk of dementia. Several methodological challenges should be overcome to provide a higher level of evidence supporting the development of nutritional policies to prevent cognitive decline and AD.
HubMed – eating
CCK-8 and CCK-58 differ in their effects on nocturnal solid meal pattern in undisturbed rats.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012 Aug 8;
Goebel-Stengel M, Stengel A, Wang L, Ohning G, Tache YF, Reeve JR
Various molecular forms of cholecystokinin (CCK) reduce food intake in rats. Although CCK-8 is the most studied form, we reported that CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine peptide form in rats. We investigated the dark phase rat chow intake pattern following injection of CCK-8 and CCK-58. Ad libitum fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCK-8, CCK-58 (0.6, 1.8 and 5.2 nmol/kg), or vehicle. Food intake pattern was assessed during the dark phase using an automated weighing system allowing continuous undisturbed monitoring of physiologic eating behavior. Both CCK-8 and CCK-58 dose-dependently reduced 1-h dark phase food intake with an equimolar dose of 1.8 nmol being similarly effective (-49% and -44%). CCK-58 increased the latency to the first meal, whereas CCK-8 did not. The inter-meal interval was reduced after CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg, -41%) but not after CCK-58. At this dose, CCK-8 increased the satiety ratio by 80% and CCK-58 by 160%, respectively, compared to vehicle. When behavior was assessed manually, CCK-8 reduced locomotor activity (-31%), whereas grooming behavior was increased (+59%). CCK-58 affected neither grooming nor locomotor activity. In conclusion, reduction of food intake by CCK-8 and CCK-58 is achieved by differential modulation of food intake microstructure and behavior. These data highlight the importance of studying the molecular forms of peptides that exist in vivo in tissue and circulation of the animal being studied.
HubMed – eating
Food insecurity and household eating patterns among vulnerable American-Indian families: associations with caregiver and food consumption characteristics.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Jul 5; 1-9
Mullany B, Neault N, Tsingine D, Powers J, Lovato V, Clitso L, Massey S, Talgo A, Speakman K, Barlow A
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with food insecurity and household eating patterns among American-Indian families with young children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey among households with young children that were receiving emergency food services. We collected information on food insecurity levels, household eating patterns, experiences with commercial and community food sources and demographics, and used multivariate regression techniques to examine associations among these variables. SETTING: Four Southwestern American-Indian reservation communities. SUBJECTS: A total of 425 parents/caregivers of young children completed the survey. RESULTS: Twenty-nine per cent of children and 45 % of adults from households participating in the survey were classified as ‘food insecure’. Larger household size was associated with increased food insecurity and worse eating patterns. Older respondents were more likely than younger respondents to have children with food insecurity (relative risk = 2·19, P < 0·001) and less likely to have healthy foods available at home (relative risk = 0·45, P < 0·01). Consumption of food from food banks, gas station/convenience stores or fast-food restaurants was not associated with food insecurity levels. Respondents with transportation barriers were 1·46 times more likely to be adult food insecure than respondents without transportation barriers (P < 0·001). High food costs were significantly associated with greater likelihoods of adult (relative risk = 1·47, P < 0·001) and child (relative risk = 1·65, P < 0·001) food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions for American-Indian communities must address challenges such as expense and limited transportation to accessing healthy food. Results indicate a need for services targeted to older caregivers and larger households. Implications for innovative approaches to promoting nutrition among American-Indian communities, including mobile groceries and community gardening programmes, are discussed. HubMed – eating
Eating Disorders in Mature Women
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Historically, eating disorder research has always been about teens and young women, but a recent study published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders shows 13% of women ages 50 and older struggle with this problem and that 62% of those …
Read more on Lee’s Summit Journal
'Pretty Little Liars' star Lucy Hale reveals struggle with eating disorder
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Thanks to Demi Lovato's willingness to open up about her own troubled past, the issue of eating disorders and other forms of self-mutilation have risen to the forefront yet again as one of the biggest issues surrounding young women in society. Now …
Read more on CarterMatt.com
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