Dietary Patterns in Association With Postpartum Weight Retention.

Dietary patterns in association with postpartum weight retention.

Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr 10;
Boghossian NS, Yeung EH, Lipsky LM, Poon AK, Albert PS

BACKGROUND: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) can contribute to obesity development in women of reproductive age. Few studies have examined the association between postnatal diet and PPWR. OBJECTIVE: We examined both PPWR and substantial PPWR (?4.55 kg) in association with the following dietary patterns: the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). DESIGN: Women (n = 1136) in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005-2007) self-reported their prepregnancy and postpartum weights at ?4, 7, 10, and 14 mo. Dietary patterns were calculated from a food-frequency questionnaire administered ?4 mo postpartum. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements were used to examine PPWR and substantial PPWR, respectively, in association with the dietary patterns with adjustment for energy intake, breastfeeding, age, education, smoking, and marital status. RESULTS: At 14 mo postpartum, the mean (±SD) PPWR was 1.1 ± 6.7 kg, and 22.4% of women had substantial PPWR. Although the change in PPWR over time seemed to differ by diet quality 4-7 mo postpartum, no differences were ultimately observed in the total mean PPWR or probability of substantial PPWR across aMED and AHEI-2010 categories during the rest of the follow-up (P > 0.12). Instead, PPWR and substantial PPWR were associated with total energy intake (at ?7-14 mo postpartum: 0.97 kg/1000 kcal (95% CI: 0.40, 1.55 kg/1000 kcal); OR: 1.25/1000 kcal (95% CI: 1.03, 1.52/1000 kcal), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum diet quality assessed by 2 patterns was not associated with weight retention. Total energy intake, regardless of the diet composition, plays a more important role in weight retention. HubMed – eating

Patterns of health behaviours predict obesity in Australian children.

J Paediatr Child Health. 2013 Apr; 49(4): 291-6
Magee CA, Caputi P, Iverson DC

The study aims to examine whether patterns of health behaviours (based on sleep duration, physical activity, screen time and diet) were associated with obesity in Australian children.This paper included 1833 children aged 6-7 years (51.6% male) recruited in 2006 as part of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Latent class analysis was performed to identify the presence of distinct behavioural profiles on the basis of sleep duration, physical activity, screen time and eating habits. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between the behavioural profiles and obesity assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up.Three behavioural profiles, healthy (27.7%), sedentary (24.8%) and short sleepers/unhealthy eaters (47.5%), were identified. Compared with the healthy profile, the sedentary profile (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (1.06-2.38)) and short sleepers/unhealthy eaters (odds ratio = 1.47 (1.03-2.13)) had elevated odds of obesity at 2-year follow-up.The present study identified distinct profiles of health behaviours in this sample of Australian children. These findings add to existing findings that many health behaviours co-occur and that obesity interventions should target patterns of behaviours in children. HubMed – eating

‘I’m just a walking eating disorder’: the mobilisation and construction of a collective illness identity in eating disorder support groups.

Sociol Health Illn. 2013 Apr 10;
Koski JP

The increasing visibility of support groups has prompted a flurry of sociological investigation, much of which explores how groups benefit participants. What researchers have failed to consider is the group itself. Bringing social movement theory to bear on the case of eating disorder support groups, this study seeks to explore how support groups attract and sustain adequate participation. Participant observation in an eating disorder support group reveals that broad diagnostic and prognostic frames, coupled with strong motivational framing and collective identification on the basis of a shared disordered self, promote support group participation. The very processes that enable support groups’ successful mobilisation, however, simultaneously construct a collective illness identity, which in turn serves as the basis for participants’ individual-level identity work. More specifically, support group mobilisation processes construct eating disorders as highly consequential, highly symptomatic, chronic, rooted in the self, and uncontrollable. Such findings suggest that support groups may have unanticipated and potentially adverse consequences for participants and thus build on previous work highlighting the unintended health consequences of framing processes. Such findings further contribute to our understanding of how macro-social forces shape illness experience. HubMed – eating

OCCURENCE, ISOLATION, AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII FROM WHITE TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) IN NEW JERSEY.

J Parasitol. 2013 Apr 10;
Dubey JP, Randall A, Choudhary S, Ferreira L, Verma S, Olibeira S, Kwok O, Su C

Abstract White tailed deer (WTD) is an important reservoir host for Toxoplasma gondii. Each yr hundreds of thousands WTD are hunted or die in road accidents in the U.S.A. Humans and animals can become infected with T. gondii by eating infected venison. Wild felids that eat infected deer tissues can shed oocysts and contaminate the environment. In the present study, we tested 264 WTD from New Jersey for T. gondii infection during the 2011-2012 hunting season. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test starting at 1:25 serum dilution; 76 (28.7%) of 264 WTD were seropositive. Heart muscle samples from 64 seropositive WTD were digested in pepsin and the digests were bioassayed in mice for the isolation of T. gondii. Viable T. gondii was isolated from the myocardium of 9 WTD; tachyzoites from infected mouse tissues were further propagated in cell culture. One of the 9 strains was virulent for outbred mice Swiss Webster mice. The DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these 9 T. gondii isolates was characterized using 11 PCR-RFLP markers (SAG1, 5′- and 3′-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico). Six genotypes were found, including ToxoDB genotype #2 (Type III), #3 (Type II variant), #4 (Type 12), #216, #220 and #221 The latter 2 were new genotypes that were reported for the first time. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in deer from this region of the U.S.A. HubMed – eating

Quality parameters of mango and potential of non-destructive techniques for their measurement – a review.

J Food Sci Technol. 2010 Jan; 47(1): 1-14
Jha SN, Narsaiah K, Sharma AD, Singh M, Bansal S, Kumar R

The king of fruits “Mango” (Mangifera indica L.) is very nutritious and rich in carotenes. India produces about 50% of the total world’s mango. Many researchers have reported the maturity indices and quality parameters for determination of harvesting time and eating quality. The methods currently used for determination of quality of mango are mostly based on the biochemical analysis, which leads to destruction of the fruits. Numerous works are being carried out to explore some non-destructive methods such as Near Infrared (NIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT), electronic nose, machine vision and ultrasound for quality determination of fruits. This paper deals with some recent work reported on quality parameters, harvesting and post-harvest treatments in relation to quality of mango fruits and reviews on some of the potential non-destructive techniques that can be explored for quality determination of mango cultivars. HubMed – eating