Differential Effects of Baclofen and Oxytocin on the Increased Ethanol Consumption Following Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Mice.
Differential effects of baclofen and oxytocin on the increased ethanol consumption following chronic psychosocial stress in mice.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Addict Biol. 2012 Nov 6;
Peters S, Slattery DA, Flor PJ, Neumann ID, Reber SO
Chronic stress is known to enhance the susceptibility for addiction disorders including alcoholism. While these findings have been recapitulated in animal models, the majority of these studies have utilized non-social rather than social stress paradigms; the latter of which are believed to be more relevant to the human situation. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to investigate, if 14 days of chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC), a pre-clinically validated psychosocial stress paradigm relevant for human psychiatric and somatic disorders, enhances ethanol (EtOH) consumption in male mice. To assess this, we employed the well-established two-bottle free-choice paradigm where mice were given access to water and 2, 4, 6 and 8% EtOH solutions (with the concentrations increasing each fourth day) following termination of the stress procedure. After 14 days of CSC, stressed mice consumed significantly more EtOH at all concentrations tested and displayed increased EtOH preference at concentrations of 6 and 8%. This effect was not due to an altered taste preference in CSC mice as assessed by saccharine- and quinine-preference tests, but was accompanied by increased anxiety-related behavior. Systemic administration of baclofen (2.5?mg/kg) or oxytocin (OXT; 10?mg/kg) reduced the EtOH intake in single housed control (baclofen, OXT) and CSC (baclofen) mice, whereas intracerebroventricular OXT (0.5??g/2??l) was ineffective in both groups. Taken together, these results suggest that (i) chronic psychosocial stress enhances EtOH consumption, and (ii) baclofen and OXT differentially affect EtOH intake in mice.
HubMed – addiction
An inventory of quantitative tools measuring interprofessional education and collaborative practice outcomes An inventory of quantitative tools measuring interprofessional education and collaborative practice outcomes Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative, August, 2012. Downloaded from: http://www.chd.ubc.ca/files/file/instructor-resources/CIHC_tools_report_Aug26%202012.pdf.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Interprof Care. 2012 Nov 5;
Kenaszchuk C
Associative learning mechanisms underpinning the transition from recreational drug use to addiction.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Nov 5;
Hogarth L, Balleine BW, Corbit LH, Killcross S
Learning theory proposes that drug seeking is a synthesis of multiple controllers. Whereas goal-directed drug seeking is determined by the anticipated incentive value of the drug, habitual drug seeking is elicited by stimuli that have formed a direct association with the response. Moreover, drug-paired stimuli can transfer control over separately trained drug seeking responses by retrieving an expectation of the drug’s identity (specific transfer) or incentive value (general transfer). This review covers outcome devaluation and transfer of stimulus-control procedures in humans and animals, which isolate the differential governance of drug seeking by these four controllers following various degrees of contingent and noncontingent drug exposure. The neural mechanisms underpinning these four controllers are also reviewed. These studies suggest that although initial drug seeking is goal-directed, chronic drug exposure confers a progressive loss of control over action selection by specific outcome representations (impaired outcome devaluation and specific transfer), and a concomitant increase in control over action selection by antecedent stimuli (enhanced habit and general transfer). The prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus may play a role in this drug-induced transition to behavioral autonomy.
HubMed – addiction
Bradford Health Services – Signs and Symptoms of Depression in Chemical Dependency.mp4 – Recovery Moments Classic signs of depression include emotional, physical, and behavioral changes in affected individuals. One of the most notable emotional changes is decreased participation in previously enjoyable activities. Outgoing people may become reclusive; and previously happy people may become short-tempered and irritable. Depression and chemical dependency can also manifest themselves through significant changes in eating and sleeping, such as eating too little and sleeping too much or vice versa. Chronic illness and physical symptoms of withdrawal — such as shaking, nausea, headaches, weight loss, or vomiting — can also indicate a depression and chemical dependency problem. Another common behavior of depressed people and those suffering from chemical dependency is to isolate themselves from friends, family, and co-workers. They may also become increasingly irresponsible — forgetting to pay bills, driving recklessly, missing school or work, or forgetting appointments, for example. Thank you for watching this short video and taking the first step to build a solid foundation to recovery. A foundation built on knowledge, love and compassion. We want you, your family and friends to live a life free from addiction. A life full of Hope. Help is out there. Don’t miss the opportunity to reach out for help. Be prepared with the knowledge and a plan to change a life in an amazing and positive way. Click the link below to watch our other videos and learn more. www …
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