Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation: Genome-Wide Analysis of miRNA Signature Differentially Expressed in Doxorubicin-Resistant and Parental Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines.
Genome-Wide Analysis of miRNA Signature Differentially Expressed in Doxorubicin-Resistant and Parental Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e54111
Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhen P, Luo X, Zhang C, Zhou L, Lu Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Wan J
Chemotherapy regiments have been widely used in the treatment of a variety of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A major cause of failure in chemotherapy is drug resistance of cancer cells. Resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) is a common and representative obstacle to treat cancer effectively. Individual microRNA (miRNA) has been introduced in the evolution of DOX resistance in HCC in recent studies. However, a global and systematic assessment of the miRNA expression profiles contributing to DOX resistance is still lacking. In the present study, we applied high-throughput Illumina sequencing to comprehensively characterize miRNA expression profiles in both human HCC cell line (HepG2) and its DOX-resistant counterpart (HepG2/DOX). A total of 269 known miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 23 were up-regulated and 246 were down-regulated in HepG2/DOX cells, indicating that part of them might be involved in the development of DOX resistance. In addition, we have identified 9 and 13 novel miRNAs up- and down-expressed significantly in HepG2/DOX cells, respectively. miRNA profiling was then validated by quantitative real-time PCR for selected miRNAs, including 22 known miRNAs and 6 novel miRNAs. Furthermore, we predicted the putative target genes for the deregulated miRNAs in the samples. Function annotation implied that these selected miRNAs affected many target genes mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides us a general description of miRNA expression profiling, which is helpful to find potential miRNAs for adjunct treatment to overcome DOX resistance in future HCC chemotherapy.
HubMed – drug
Physician Advice to Adolescents About Drinking and Other Health Behaviors.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Pediatrics. 2013 Jan 28;
Hingson RW, Zha W, Iannotti RJ, Simons-Morton B
BACKGROUND:This report assessed the proportion of US 10th graders (average age, 16) who saw a physician in the past year and were asked and given advice about their drinking. We hypothesized that advice would vary by whether students were asked about drinking and their drinking, bingeing, and drunkenness frequency.METHODS:A nationally representative sample of 10th graders in 2010 (N = 2519) were asked their past 30-day frequency of drinking, bingeing, and intoxication and whether, during their last medical examination, their drinking was explored and they received advice about alcohol’s risks and reducing or stopping.RESULTS:In the past month, 36% reported drinking, 28% reported bingeing, and 23% reported drunkenness (11%, 5%, and 7%, respectively, 6 or more times). In the past year, 82% saw a doctor. Of that group, 54% were asked about drinking, 40% were advised about related harms, and 17% were advised to reduce or stop. Proportions seeing a doctor and asked about drinking were similar across drinking patterns. Respondents asked about drinking were more often advised to reduce or stop. Frequent drinkers, bingers, and those drunk were more often advised to reduce or stop. Nonetheless, only 25% of them received that advice from physicians. In comparison, 36% of frequent smokers, 27% of frequent marijuana users, and 42% of frequent other drug users were advised to reduce or quit those behaviors.CONCLUSIONS:Efforts are warranted to increase the proportion of physicians who follow professional guidelines to screen and counsel adolescents about unhealthy alcohol use and other behaviors that pose health risks.
HubMed – drug
Porous TiO(2) surface formed on nickel-titanium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation: A prospective polymer-free reservoir for drug eluting stent applications.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013 Jan 29;
Huan Z, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Apachitei I, Duszczyk J
In this study, a porous oxide layer was formed on the surface of nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with the aim to produce a polymer-free drug carrier for drug eluting stent (DES) applications. The oxidation was performed galvanostatically in concentrated phosphoric acid electrolyte at low temperature. It was found that the response of NiTi substrate during the PEO process was different from that of bulk Ti, since the presence of large amount of Ni delayed the initial formation of a compact oxide layer that is essential for the PEO to take place. Under optimized PEO conditions, the resultant surface showed porosity, pore density and oxide layer thickness of 14.11%, 2.40 × 10(5) pores/mm(2) and 0.8 ?m, respectively. It was additionally noted that surface roughness after PEO did not significantly increase as compared with that of original NiTi substrate and the EDS analyses revealed a decrease in Ni/Ti ratio on the surface after PEO. The cross-section morphology showed no discontinuity between the PEO layer and the NiTi substrate. Furthermore, wettability and surface free energy of the NiTi substrate increased significantly after PEO treatment. The PEO process could be successfully translated to NiTi stent configuration proving for the first time its feasibility for such a medical device and offering potential for development of alternative, polymer-free drug carriers for NiTi DES. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
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Colistin inhalation monotherapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia of Acinetobacter baumannii in prematurity.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013 Jan 28;
Kang CH, Tsai CM, Wu TH, Wu HY, Chung MY, Chen CC, Huang YC, Liu SF, Liao DL, Niu CK, Lee CH, Yu HR
BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing. It has a high mortality rate but experience in using inhaled colistin as monotherapy for VAP in children, especially pre-term infants, is limited. This study presents experiences using aerosolized colistin as monotherapy for VAP due to A. baumannii infection in pre-term infants. METHODS: Eight pre-term infants (gestational age 25-36 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2006 to December 2010 who received inhaled colistin as monotherapy for VAP due to A. baumannii infection were retrospectively evaluated. Of the isolated microorganisms, five were multi-drug resistant strains of A. baumannii (MDR-AB) but all were sensitive to colistin. All patients received inhaled colistin at a dose of 1,000,000 IU (33.4?mg) twice daily for an average of 9.1 days (range, 4-22 days). RESULTS: All pre-term infants were cured, with A. baumannii eradicated from airway secretions. There were no clinical or laboratory adverse events related to colistin use. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosolized colistin may be used as monotherapy for VAP due to A. baumannii infection in pre-term infants. A larger controlled study is warranted to corroborate the findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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