Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation: Measuring Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Cancer With PET: An Emerging Paradigm From Studies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Measuring Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Cancer with PET: An Emerging Paradigm from Studies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Cancer Discov. 2012 Oct 5;
Evans MJ
As parallel advances in cancer biology and drug development continue to elevate the role of targeted therapies in oncology, the need for imaging biomarkers that systematically measure the biology associated with therapeutic intervention has become more urgent. Although the molecular imaging community has a commitment to develop technologies to this end, few investigational radiotracers directly measure the biology of common oncogenic signaling pathways often addressed by targeted therapies. Visible progress has been achieved with a handful of radiotracers rationally designed to intercalate the pathobiology of prostate cancer, a molecularly heterogeneous disease nevertheless broadly defined by a fairly small repertoire of recurrent oncogenic lesions.
HubMed – drug
Measurement of Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulphate and Their Ratio in the Urine and Serum of Healthy Volunteers after Two Doses of Alcohol.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Alcohol Alcohol. 2012 Oct 4;
Lostia AM, Vicente JL, Cowan DA
Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulphate (EtS) are minor metabolites of ethanol, and their presence in urine provides a strong indication of recent alcohol administration. In this study, we performed a drinking experiment to investigate the kinetics of EtG and EtS formation and elimination after the administration of two doses of alcohol. Methods: Nineteen volunteers provided urine and serum (only 18) after administration of 4 and 8 units of alcohol (1 unit corresponds to 10 ml or ?8 g of pure ethanol). The analysis was performed using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC(®)-MS/MS) method. Results: After 4 units, the median EtG maximum concentration (C(max)) was 0.4 µg/ml and the interquartile range (0.3 µg/ml) in serum and 3.5 mg/h (1.2 mg/h) in urine and were reached (T(max)) after 2.0 h (0.8 h) and 3.0 h (1.0 h), respectively. EtS C(max) was 0.2 µg/ml (0.1 µg/ml) in serum and 1.3 mg/h (0.6 mg/h) in urine, and the corresponding T(max) were 1.0 h (1.0 h) and 2.0 h (0.5 h). After 8 units, EtG C(max) was 1.3 µg/ml (0.4 µg/ml) in serum and 10 mg/h (3.4 mg/h) in urine and was reached after 4.0 h (1.8 h) and 4.0 h (2.0 h), respectively. EtS C(max) was 0.6 µg/ml (0.1 µg/ml) in serum and 3.5 mg/h (1.1 mg/h) in urine, the corresponding T(max) were 3.0 h (1.0 h) and 3.0 h (1.0 h). The EtG/EtS ratio increased as a function of the time after alcohol administration in both serum and urine samples but to a lesser extent after 8 units than 4. Conclusion: These results correlate with values obtained in previous studies. T(max) of EtG and EtS increased between 4 and 8 units. The EtG:EtS ratio increased in the serum and urine samples of all volunteers as a function of time at least up to 4 h after alcohol administration.
HubMed – drug
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase: 25 Years of Research, Drug Discovery, and Promise.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 5;
Le Grice SF
Synthesis of integrationcompetent, double-stranded DNA from the positive (+) RNA strand genome of retroviruses and long-terminal repeat-containing retrotransposons reflects a multi-step process catalyzed by the virus-coded reverse transcriptase (RT). In conjunction with RNA and DNA-templated DNA synthesis, a hydrolytic activity of the same enzyme (ribonuclease H, or RNase H) is required to remove genomic RNA of the RNA/DNA replication intermediate. Together, these combined synthetic and degradative functions ensure correct selection, extension and removal of the RNA primers of minus (-) and (+) strand DNA synthesis (tRNA and the polypurine tract (PPT), respectively). For human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT, a quarter century of research has not only illuminated the biochemical properties, structure and conformational dynamics of this highly versatile enzyme, but also witnessed drug discovery advances from the first Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-RT drug to recent use of RT inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides. Salient features of HIV-1 RT and extension of these findings into programs of drug discovery are reviewed here.
HubMed – drug
More English people are recovering from drug addiction, but recession poses risks.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
BMJ. 2012; 345: e6734
Kmietowicz Z
Staff Bio – Rick A. Las Vegas Drug and Alcohol rehab (702) 228-8520 – Rick Amigoni discusses his experiences and role at Solutions Recovery, Inc. a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center. To find out more about addictions and how to treat them visit our website at www.solutions-recovery.com
Find More Drug And Alcohol Rehabilitation Information…