Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Present and Future.
Drug-induced liver injury: present and future.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Clin Mol Hepatol. 2012 Sep; 18(3): 249-57
Suk KT, Kim DJ
Liver injury due to prescription and nonprescription medications is a growing medical, scientific, and public health problem. Worldwide, the estimated annual incidence rate of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is 13.9-24.0 per 100,000 inhabitants. DILI is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure in the US. In Korea, the annual extrapolated incidence of cases hospitalized at university hospital is 12/100,000 persons/year. Most cases of DILI are the result of idiosyncratic metabolic responses or unexpected reactions to medication. There is marked geographic variation in relevant agents; antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and psychotropic drugs are the most common offending agents in the West, whereas in Asia, ‘herbs’ and ‘health foods or dietary supplements’ are more common. Different medical circumstances also cause discrepancy in definition and classification of DILI between West and Asia. In the concern of causality assessment, the application of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) scale frequently undercounts the cases caused by ‘herbs’ due to a lack of previous information and incompatible time criteria. Therefore, a more objective and reproducible tool that could be used for the diagnosis of DILI caused by ‘herbs’ is needed in Asia. In addition, a reporting system similar to the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) in the US should be established as soon as possible in Asia.
HubMed – drug
The role of purinergic receptors in cancer-induced bone pain.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
J Osteoporos. 2012; 2012: 758181
Falk S, Uldall M, Heegaard AM
Cancer-induced bone pain severely compromises the quality of life of many patients suffering from bone metastasis, as current therapies leave some patients with inadequate pain relief. The recent development of specific animal models has increased the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced bone pain including the involvement of ATP and the purinergic receptors in the progression of the pain state. In nociception, ATP acts as an extracellular messenger to transmit sensory information both at the peripheral site of tissue damage and in the spinal cord. Several of the purinergic receptors have been shown to be important for the development and maintenance of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and studies have demonstrated the importance of both peripheral and central mechanisms. We here provide an overview of the current literature on the role of purinergic receptors in cancer-induced bone pain with emphasis on some of the difficulties related to studying this complex pain state.
HubMed – drug
High-performance method for specific effect on nucleic acids in cells using TiO(2)~DNA nanocomposites.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Sci Rep. 2012; 2: 756
Levina AS, Repkova MN, Ismagilov ZR, Shikina NV, Malygin EG, Mazurkova NA, Zinov’ev VV, Evdokimov AA, Baiborodin SI, Zarytova VF
Nanoparticles are used to solve the current drug delivery problem. We present a high-performance method for efficient and selective action on nucleic acid target in cells using unique TiO(2)·PL-DNA nanocomposites (polylysine-containing DNA fragments noncovalently immobilized onto TiO(2) nanoparticles capable of transferring DNA). These nanocomposites were used for inhibition of human influenza A (H3N2) virus replication in infected MDCK cells. They showed a low toxicity (TC(50) ? 1800 ?g/ml) and a high antiviral activity (>99.9% inhibition of the virus replication). The specificity factor (antisense effect) appeared to depend on the delivery system of DNA fragments. This factor for nanocomposites is ten-times higher than for DNA in the presence of lipofectamine. IC(50) for nanocomposites was estimated to be 1.5 ?g/ml (30 nM for DNA), so its selectivity index was calculated as ~1200. Thus, the proposed nanocomposites are prospective for therapeutic application.
HubMed – drug
Antinociceptive effects of intraperitoneal and intrathecal vitamin e in the rat formalin test.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Korean J Pain. 2012 Oct; 25(4): 238-44
Kim MJ, Hong BH, Zhang EJ, Ko YK, Lee WH
Vitamin E is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and a drug that can easily be obtained, and it has been shown to attenuate the pain responses induced by various causes in animal pain models. Thus, this experiment was conducted to assess the antinociceptive effects of vitamin E by comparing intraperitoneal and intrathecal injections in rats subjected to the formalin test.AFTER THE INTRAPERITONEAL AND INTRATHECAL INJECTIONS OF VITAMIN E WERE CARRIED OUT, RESPECTIVELY (IP: 500 mg/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg, IT: 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg), the formalin test was perfumed. As soon as 5% formalin was injected into left hind paw, the number of flinches induced by pain was measured at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour.Formalin injected into the left hind paw induced biphasic nociceptive behavior in all animals. Intraperitoneal injection of vitamin E diminished the nociceptive behavior in a dose-dependent manner during the early and late phase. Intrathecal vitamin E diminished nociceptive behavior dose dependently during the late phase but showed no significant difference in the early phase.Vitamin E attenuated acute nociception when it was injected systemically, while both systemic and intrathecal injection produced analgesia in a rat model of formalin-induced hyperalgesia.
HubMed – drug
Photoletter to the editor: Localized pyoderma gangrenosum after interferon-alpha2b injections.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
J Dermatol Case Rep. 2012 Sep 28; 6(3): 98-9
Mir-Bonafé JM, Blanco-Barrios S, Romo-Melgar A, Santos-Briz A, Fernández-López E
We present a male patient with polycythemia vera (PV) in whom pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) was induced by subcutaneous injections of interferon-?2beta (IFN-?2b).The patient presented with a 6 cm wide necrotic ulcer on the external aspect of his left thigh, which was surrounded by an erythematous and indurated plaque. He also had a simetrical but smaller 2 cm of size ulcer on the external aspect of the right thigh. Histopathological examination showed a massive perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate. It was vastly composed of neutrophils and secondary formation of interstitial neutrophilic microabscesses was also observed.To our knowledge only two cases of PG secondary to IFN-?2b injections have been reported, none of them in a patient with PV. Physicians should be aware of these IFN-?2b-related local adverse effects as they might become extremely severe. Immediate local discontinuation of drug administration is mandatory. In order to avoid these complications, alternating injection sites is highly advisable.
HubMed – drug
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