Eating Disorders: Comparison of DSM-IV Versus Proposed DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders in a Japanese Sample.
Comparison of DSM-IV Versus Proposed DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders in a Japanese Sample.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012 Oct 11;
Nakai Y, Fukushima M, Taniguchi A, Nin K, Teramukai S
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria in terms of the number of cases of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to see which diagnostic system can effectively capture variance in psychiatric symptoms in a Japanese sample. METHOD: One thousand and twenty-nine women with an eating disorder (ED) participated in this study. Assessment methods included structured clinical interviews and administration of the Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory. RESULTS: Relaxing the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and recognizing binge ED decreased the proportion of EDNOS (from 45.1% to 26.1%). The DSM-5 categorization of patients was better able to capture variance in psychopathology scales. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed revisions to EDs in the DSM-5 partially reduced reliance on EDNOS. The DSM-5 may differentiate ED groups more effectively than the DSM-IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Pica.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Indian J Dent Res. 2012 May; 23(3): 426-7
Aparna PV, Austin RD, Mathew P
“PICA” means perverted appetite for substances not fit as food or of no nutritional value such as, bricks, clay, soil, ice, laundry starch, etc. The word ”PICA” is derived from Latin word for Magpie, a species of bird that feeds on whatever it encounters. ”PICA” has been observed in ethnic groups worldwide in primitive and modern cultures, in both sexes and in all age groups. The case presented here reports a 30 year old female patient who had craving for ingestion of gravel and brick fragments since the age of 13 years. Iron deficiency anemia was found after complete blood count and iron studies. The diagnosis of “PICA” requires that the patient is persistently eating non-food substances for at least 1 month and such behavior is appropriate for the child’s stage of development.
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Opponency of astringent and fat sensations.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
Curr Biol. 2012 Oct 9; 22(19): R829-30
des Gachons CP, Mura E, Speziale C, Favreau CJ, Dubreuil GF, Breslin PA
In most cultures, people ingest a variety of astringent foods and beverages during meals, but the reasons for this practice are unclear. Many popular beliefs and heuristics, such as high tannin wines should be balanced with fatty foods, for example ‘red wine with red meat’, suggest that astringents such as pickles, sorbets, wines, and teas ‘cleanse’ the palate while eating. Oral astringents elicit ‘dry, rough’ sensations [1], in part, by breaking down mucinous lubricating proteins in saliva [2,3]. The introduction of oral lubricants, including fats, partially diminishes strong astringent sensations [4,5]. Thus, it appears that astringency and fattiness can oppose each other perceptually on an oral rheological spectrum. Most teas, wines, and ‘palate cleansers’, however, are only mildly astringent and an explanation of how they could oppose the fattiness of meals is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that weakly astringent stimuli can elicit strong sensations after repeated sampling. Astringency builds with exposures [6] to an asymptotic level determined by the structure and concentration of the compound. We also establish that multiple sips of a mild astringent solution, similar to a wine or tea, decrease oral fat sensations elicited by fatty food consumption when astringent and fatty stimuli alternate, mimicking the patterning that occurs during a real meal. Consequently, we reveal a principle underlying the international practice of ‘palate cleansing’. Repeatedly alternating samples of astringent beverages with fatty foods yielded ratings of fattiness and astringency that were lower than if rinsing with water or if presented alone without alternation.
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Future Directions in Etiologic, Prevention, and Treatment Research for Eating Disorders.
Filed under: Eating Disorders
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2012 Oct 11;
Stice E, South K, Shaw H
Significant advances have occurred regarding the understanding of etiologic processes that give rise to eating disorders and the design and evaluation of efficacious prevention programs and treatment interventions. Herein we offer suggestions regarding potentially fruitful directions for future research in these areas. We suggest it would be useful to conduct more methodologically rigorous prospective risk factor studies that involve larger samples, longer follow-up periods, validated and objective measures of a broader array of risk factors, multiple informant data, and prediction of eating disorder onset. We also argue that it will be valuable to conduct experiments to confirm the causal influence of putative risk factors. With regard to prevention research, it would be useful to develop programs that produce larger and more persistent reductions in eating disorder symptoms and eating disorder onset; conduct effectiveness trials that confirm that prevention programs produce clinically meaningful effects under real-world conditions; conduct mediational, mechanisms of action, and moderator research that provides stronger support for the intervention theory of prevention programs; and investigate the optimal methods of disseminating and implementing effective programs. In terms of treatment research, there would be value in conducting more research on maintenance factors for eating pathology, rigorous treatment trials that involve credible placebo interventions and comparisons between the most effective treatments, effectiveness trials, research on novel treatments for recently recognized eating disorders, and research on the dissemination and broad implementation of effective treatments.
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