Effect of Morphine on Lower Urinary Tract Discomfort After Transurethral Resection of Prostate Under General Anesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Study.

Effect of morphine on lower urinary tract discomfort after transurethral resection of prostate under general anesthesia: a randomised clinical study.

J Anesth. 2013 Mar 20;
Menda F, Temur S, Bilgen S, Yencilek F, Koyuncu H, Sancar N, Koner O

BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract (LUT) discomfort is a common complaint after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and it may lead to agitation and restlessnes. We have evaluated the efficacy of morphine for preventing TURP-related LUT discomfort symptoms. METHODS: This was a prospective randomised study including 60 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II) who were scheduled to undergo TURP. The patients were divided into two equally sized groups (group M: morphine, group C: control). A standartized anesthesia method was used. Group M patients received morphine 0.04 mg/kg intravenous (iv) in 100 ml of normal saline followed by an infusion of morphine for 24 h (0.01 mg/kg/h); group C patients received 100 ml normal saline 20 min before the expected extubation time, followed by a normal saline infusion which looked identical to that of the morphine infusion. The incidences and severity of LUT discomfort, postoperative pain, sedation level, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and respiratory depression were recorded at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of LUT discomfort was lower in group M patients at all time points during the study (p < 0.05) except for 2 h postoperatively, and the severity of LUT discomfort was also lower this group at 0, 12 and 24 h postoperatively (p = 0.001, p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). Pain (numeric rating scale) scores were lower in group M patients at 0 (p = 0.003) and 6 h (p < 0.001). The need for rescue analgesic was lower in group M patients (19 patients in group C, 10 patients in group M; p = 0.04). The incidence of PONV was higher in group M patients (p = 0.03). The incidence of pruritus, respiratory depression and over-sedation were similar among the groups. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we conclude that morphine effectively reduces LUT discomfort after TURP at a cost of postoperative nausea and vomiting. HubMed – depression

Predictors of depression in breast cancer patients treated with radiation: Role of prior chemotherapy and nuclear factor kappa B.

Cancer. 2013 Mar 19;
Torres MA, Pace TW, Liu T, Felger JC, Mister D, Doho GH, Kohn JN, Barsevick AM, Long Q, Miller AH

BACKGROUND: Depression is common during and after breast cancer treatment. However, the role of specific therapeutic modalities and related biologic mechanisms remains unclear. Radiation is an essential component of breast-conserving therapy and may contribute to depression in patients with breast cancer through the activation of inflammatory pathways. METHODS: Depressive symptoms and inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B), were assessed at baseline (before radiation), during radiation, and 6 weeks after radiation in 64 women who had stage 0 through IIIA breast cancer. RESULTS: No significant increases in depressive symptoms occurred during or after radiation, although a number of patients exhibited moderate-to-severe depression throughout the study. Multivariate analyses of baseline factors predictive of depression revealed that educational status, perceived stress, prior chemotherapy, and peripheral blood NF-?B DNA binding all were independent predictors of persistent depressive symptoms after radiation (all P < .05). Of these factors, only prior chemotherapy was associated with inflammatory mediators, including NF-?B DNA binding, soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2, and interleukin-6, which, in univariate analyses predicted depressive symptoms after radiation (all P < .05). Chemotherapy-treated patients also exhibited an over-representation of gene transcripts regulated by NF-?B. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation was not associated with increased depressive symptoms in the current study, but of disease and treatment-related factors, prior chemotherapy predicted significant depression after radiation. Longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the relationship among prior chemotherapy, inflammation, and persistent depression after breast cancer treatment. Cancer 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society. HubMed – depression

Depression, disability and functional status among community-dwelling older adults in South Africa: evidence from the first South African National Income Dynamics Study.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Mar 20;
Tomita A, Burns JK

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between depression and functional status among a community-dwelling older population of 65 years and older in South Africa. METHOD: Data from the first wave of the South African National Income Dynamics Study were used, this being the first longitudinal panel survey of a nationally representative sample of households. The study focused on the data for resident adults 65?years and older (n?=?1,429). Depression was assessed using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Functional status, pertaining to both difficulty and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and physical functioning and mobility (PFM), were assessed using 11 items. RESULTS: Functional challenges were generally higher in the older age group. There was a significant association between depression and functional dependence in ADL (adjusted OR?=?2.57 [CI: 1.03-6.41]), IADL (adjusted OR?=?2.76 [CI: 1.89-4.04]), and PFM (adjusted OR?=?1.66 [CI: 1.18-2.33]), but the relationship between depression and functional status, particularly PFM, appeared weaker in older age. CONCLUSION: The relationship between depression symptoms and function is complex. Functional characteristics between older and younger old populations are diverse, and caution is indicated against overgeneralizing the challenges related to depression and function among this target population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. HubMed – depression

Health Literacy and Antidepressant Medication Adherence Among Adults with Diabetes: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).

J Gen Intern Med. 2013 Mar 20;
Bauer AM, Schillinger D, Parker MM, Katon W, Adler N, Adams AS, Moffet HH, Karter AJ

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that health literacy limitations are associated with poorer disease control for chronic conditions, but have not evaluated potential associations with medication adherence. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether health literacy limitations are associated with poorer antidepressant medication adherence. DESIGN: Observational new prescription cohort follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with type 2 diabetes who completed a survey in 2006 and received a new antidepressant prescription during 2006-2010 (N?=?1,366) at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. MAIN MEASURES: Validated three-item self-report scale measured health literacy. Discrete indices of adherence based on pharmacy dispensing data according to validated methods: primary non-adherence (medication never dispensed); early non-persistence (dispensed once, never refilled); non-persistence at 180 and 365 days; and new prescription medication gap (NPMG; proportion of time that the person is without medication during 12 months after the prescription date). KEY RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of patients were classified as having health literacy limitations. After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, patients with health literacy limitations had significantly poorer adherence compared to patients with no limitations, whether measured as early non-persistence (46 % versus 38 %, p?HubMed – depression