[Gambling Addiction: Always on the Hunt for the Next Kicks].
[Gambling addiction: always on the hunt for the next kicks].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2012 Sep; 137(39): 1898-9
Hügler S
Evidence from regression-discontinuity analyses for beneficial effects of a criterion-based increase in alcohol treatment.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012 Nov 20;
Flam-Zalcman R, Mann RE, Stoduto G, Nochajski TH, Rush BR, Koski-Jännes A, Wickens CM, Thomas RK, Rehm J
Brief interventions effectively reduce alcohol problems; however, it is controversial whether longer interventions result in greater improvement. This study aims to determine whether an increase in treatment for people with more severe problems resulted in better outcome. We employed regression-discontinuity analyses to determine if drinking driver clients (n?=?22,277) in Ontario benefited when they were assigned to a longer treatment program (8-hour versus 16-hour) based on assessed addiction severity criteria. Assignment to the longer16-hour program was based on two addiction severity measures derived from the Research Institute on Addictions Self-inventory (RIASI) (meeting criteria for assignment based on either the total RIASI score or the score on the recidivism subscale). The main outcome measure was self-reported number of days of alcohol use during the 90?days preceding the six month follow-up interview. We found significant reductions of one or two self-reported drinking days at the point of assignment, depending on the severity criterion used. These data suggest that more intensive treatment for alcohol problems may improve results for individuals with more severe problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HubMed – addiction
Patterns of Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Cambodia.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2012 Nov 18;
Banta JE, Addison A, Job JS, Yel D, Kheam T, Singh PN
Few studies have considered whether the habitual use of tobacco in Southeast Asia is part of an established pattern of addiction that includes regular alcohol use. As part of a national survey of adult tobacco use in Cambodia (n = 13 988), we found that men who smoked were 2 times more likely to have drank alcohol in the past week (odds ratio = 2.53, 95% confidence interval = 2.10-3.03). By age 18 to 25 years, 47% of male smokers drank alcohol, and this pattern of alcohol and tobacco use increased to >55% through the fifth decade. Women using smokeless tobacco with betel quid were more likely to be alcohol drinkers (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.98). Past week’s drinking declined by late middle age and was associated with lower education and being currently married; the behavior was lower in some ethnic groups (ie, Cham). Our findings indicate an important association between alcohol and tobacco use, and raise the possibility that reducing alcohol consumption can be an important component of tobacco control.
HubMed – addiction
Novel technology for modulating locomotor activity as an operant response in the mouse: implications for neuroscience studies involving “exercise” in rodents.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Neurosci Methods. 2012 Nov 16;
Fantegrossi WE, Xiao W, Zimmerman SM
We have developed a novel, low-cost device designed to monitor and modulate locomotor activity in murine subjects. This technology has immediate application to the study of effects of physical exercise on various neurobiological endpoints, and will also likely be useful in the study of psychomotor sensitization and drug addiction. Here we demonstrate the capacity of these devices to establish locomotor activity as an operant response reinforced by food pellet presentations, and show that schedules of reinforcement can reliably control this behavior. Importantly, these data show that varying degrees of increased locomotor activity (in other words, “exercise”) can be elicited and maintained in mice by manipulating the schedule of reinforcement. Our findings argue that the present technology might reduce the imposition of stress and motivational bias inherent in more traditional procedures for establishing exercise in laboratory rodents, while allowing for true random assignment to experimental groups. As interest in physical exercise as a modulating factor in numerous clinical conditions continues to grow, technologies like the one proposed here are likely to become critical in conducting future experiments along these lines.
HubMed – addiction
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