Gastric Bypass Increases Ethanol and Water Consumption in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.
Gastric Bypass Increases Ethanol and Water Consumption in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Obes Surg. 2012 Sep 14;
Thanos PK, Subrize M, Delis F, Cooney RN, Culnan D, Sun M, Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Hajnal A
BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Increased alcohol abuse after RYGB resulted in recommendations to exclude patients with alcohol abuse histories from RYGB. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of a RYGB on ethanol intake in diet-induced obese rats (high-fat diet). METHODS: The animals underwent RYGB and were habituated along with their sham-operated obese controls and with lean rats to increasing concentrations of ethanol in a two-bottle choice paradigm. RESULTS: RYGB rats’ daily consumption of ethanol averaged 2 g/kg at 2 % habituation and 3.8 g/kg at 4 % habituation, twice as much as sham-operated obese controls and 50 % more than normal-diet lean controls. Obese controls drank on average 1 g/kg of ethanol (2 and 4 %), significantly less (50 %) than lean controls did. RYGB rats when given higher ethanol concentrations (6 and 8 %) or no ethanol drank significantly more water than lean and obese controls did (66 and 100 %, respectively), and their enhanced total fluid intake was associated with increased food intake, which was significantly higher than in lean (66 % more calories; food + alcohol) and obese controls (44 % more calories). The lower alcohol intake in the obese controls than in the lean rats suggests that obesity may interfere with alcohol’s rewarding effects and RYGB may remove this protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: The overall enhancement of consummatory behaviors (both ethanol and water) suggests that RYGB may facilitate alcohol consumption, which in vulnerable individuals could lead to abuse and addiction.
HubMed – addiction
Deficient Plasticity in the Hippocampus and the Spiral of Addiction: Focus on Adult Neurogenesis.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2012 Sep 11;
Canales JJ
Addiction is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder which causes disruption at multiple levels, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains. Traditional biological theories of addiction have focused on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and the nucleus accumbens as anatomical substrates mediating addictive-like behaviors. More recently, we have begun to recognize the engagement and dynamic influence of a much broader circuitry which encompasses the frontal cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. In particular, neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus has become a major focus of attention due to its ability to influence memory, motivation, and affect, all of which are disrupted in addiction. First, I summarize toxicological data that reveal strongly suppressive effects of drug exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Then, I discuss the impact of deficient neurogenesis on learning and memory function, stress responsiveness and affective behavior, as they relate to addiction. Finally, I examine recent behavioral observations that implicate neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus in the emergence and maintenance of addictive behavior. The evidence reviewed here suggests that deficient neurogenesis is associated with several components of the downward spiraling loop that characterizes addiction, including elevated sensitivity to drug-induced reward and reinforcement, enhanced neurohormonal responsiveness, emergence of a negative affective state, memory impairment, and inflexible behavior.
HubMed – addiction
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Outpatient Treatment of Internet Addiction in Children and Adolescents.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
J Clin Psychol. 2012 Sep 13;
King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M
Excessive and potentially addictive use of the Internet among children and adolescents has emerged as a major concern in recent times. Internet addiction is often conceptualized as an impulse control disorder, with features similar to pathological gambling. However, there remains considerable debate about the core components, etiological processes, course, and maintaining factors of the disorder. This article presents a case study of a 16-year-old male with generalized pathological Internet use. Critical issues relevant to case conceptualization, assessment, and choice of therapy are examined. Although the evidence base is limited in this emerging area of clinical psychology, we provide a summary of empirically supported cognitive-behavioral techniques for Internet addiction.
HubMed – addiction
Crunk Addiction (Rehab – Amy Winehouse) – This is a video that me and some friends did for a school project, it turned out great, so I put it on YouTube. Hopefully, I will be able to do this with some more of our projects, subscibe and watch for more uploads. Disclaimer – I do not own the song and i give full credit to the owner. Also, I do not own Crunk and give full credit to the makers of crunk. Lastly, Crunk is an energy drink not an actual drug, the maker of this video and all affiliated with this video do not suggest in anyway that anyone do drugs.
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