How Emotional Traits and Affective Temperaments Relate to Cocaine Experimentation, Abuse and Dependence in a Large Sample.

How emotional traits and affective temperaments relate to cocaine experimentation, abuse and dependence in a large sample.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Addict Behav. 2012 Nov 29; 38(3): 1859-1864
Fuscaldo LV, Bisol LW, Lara DR

The contribution of specific traits in cocaine experimentation, abuse and addiction is not yet clear. Our aim was to evaluate how temperament was associated with cocaine experimentation, abuse and dependence using a recently developed scale for the assessment of emotional traits (e.g. anger, volition) and affective temperaments (e.g. cyclothymic). An anonymous web-survey provides the optimal means to evaluate sensitive issues such as drug related behavior in the general population. Methods: The data was collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP), which included the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The final sample consisted of 28,587 subjects (26.6% males, mean age=30.8±9.8yrs). Trait analysis was controlled for age, gender, ethanol and marijuana use. Results: For emotional traits, Caution, Coping and Control were significantly lower in the cocaine-using groups when compared to controls, particularly in those with cocaine dependence. Anger and Desire increased in relation to the degree of cocaine involvement. The associations with Emotional Sensitivity and Volition were less robust. For affective temperaments, greater cocaine use was related to a lower proportion of stable types (obsessive, euthymic and hyperthymic) and the anxious type, and to a higher proportion of cyclothymic and euphoric temperaments in both sexes. Conclusions: Specific externalized and unstable traits were associated with cocaine related behavior. Addressing these traits may be important for recovery and prevention strategies.
HubMed – addiction

 

Food Addiction: Detox and Abstinence Reinterpreted?

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Exp Gerontol. 2012 Dec 22;
Shriner RL

The senior patient and/or the geriatrician are confronted with a confusing literature describing how patients interested in combating metabolic syndrome, diabesity (diabetes plus obesity) or simple obesity might best proceed. The present paper gives a brief outline of the basic disease processes that underlie metabolic pro-inflammation, including how one might go about devising the most potent and practical detoxification from such metabolic compromise. The role that dietary restriction plays in pro-inflammatory detoxification (detox), including how a modified fast (selective food abstinence) is incorporated into this process, is developed. The unique aspects of geriatric bariatric medicine are elucidated, including the concepts of sarcopenia and the obesity paradox. Important caveats involving the senior seeking weight loss are offered. By the end of the paper, the reader will have a greater appreciation for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for geriatric patients who wish to overcome food addiction and reverse pro-inflammatory states of ill-heath. This includes the toxic metabolic processes that create obesity complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which collectively we call diabeisty. In that regard, diabesity is often the central pathology that leads to the evolution of the metabolic syndrome. The paper also affords the reader a solid review of the neurometabolic processes that effectuate anorexigenic versus orexigenic inputs to obesity that drive food addiction. We argue that these processes lead to either weight gain or weight loss by a tripartite system involving metabolic, addictive and relational levels of organismal functioning. Recalibrating the way we negotiate these three levels of daily functioning often determines success or failure in terms of overcoming metabolic syndrome and food addiction.
HubMed – addiction

 

Exercise addiction.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Virtual Mentor. 2004; 6(7):
Shangold MM, Hecht S

HubMed – addiction

 

Treatment of dependence on opiate medications.

Filed under: Addiction Rehab

Virtual Mentor. 2004; 6(1):
Miller NS

HubMed – addiction

 

 

Betty Ford Center: Addiction the Disease – Part 1 – Betty Ford Center Physician Director Dr. Harry Haroutunian outlines the criteria that defines the disease concept of alcoholism and addiction.

 

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