Illicit Drug Use in Teenagers and Young Adults.
Illicit drug use in teenagers and young adults.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012 Feb; 9(2): 11-2
Oyemade A
[Effects of odor cue on morphine-induced dependence and craving in mice].
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2012 Apr; 33(2): 165-9
Liu XF, Yang G, Yang R, Jia Q, Guan SD
The olfactory system may play a pivotal role in drug addiction. To clarify the issues, we investigated the morphine dependence and psychological craving in morphine addicted mice using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm by taking an only odor cue as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The results showed that by pairing morphine with odor, the CPP could be induced in mice. When the morphine addicted mice were exposed to a novel environment during morphine withdrawal, they spent significantly longer time in the chamber with morphine-paired odor than in the control chamber. The effects of odor cue on the morphine CPP were blocked by the administration of dopamine D1 or D2 antagonists. The studies indicated that olfactory system plays an important role in drug addiction.
HubMed – addiction
Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging of Dopaminergic System in Drug Addiction.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012 Mar 30;
Hou H, Tian M, Zhang H
Dopamine (DA) is involved in drug reinforcement, but its role in drug addiction remains unclear. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the first technology used for the direct measurement of components of the dopaminergic system in the living human brain. In this article, we reviewed the major findings of PET imaging studies on the involvement of DA in drug addiction, especially in heroin addiction. Furthermore, we summarized PET radiotracers that have been used to study the role of DA in drug addiction. To investigate presynaptic function in drug addiction, PET tracers have been developed to measure DA synthesis and transport. For the investigation of postsynaptic function, several radioligands targeting dopamine one (D1) receptor and dopamine two (D2) receptor are extensively used in PET imaging studies. Moreover, we also summarized the PET imaging findings of heroin addiction studies, including heroin-induced DA increases and the reinforcement, role of DA in the long-term effects of heroin abuse, DA and vulnerability to heroin abuse and the treatment implications. PET imaging studies have corroborated the role of DA in drug addiction and increase our understanding the mechanism of drug addiction. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HubMed – addiction
Functional Genomic Architecture of Predisposition to Voluntary Exercise in Mice: Expression QTL in the Brain.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
Genetics. 2012 Mar 30;
Kelly SA, Nehrenberg DL, Hua K, Garland T, Pomp D
The biological basis of voluntary exercise is complex and simultaneously controlled by peripheral (ability) and central (motivation) mechanisms. The accompanying natural reward, potential addiction, and motivation associated with exercise are hypothesized to be regulated by multiple brain regions, neurotransmitters, peptides, and hormones. We generated a large (N = 815) advanced intercross line (AIL) of mice (G(4)) derived from a line selectively bred for increased wheel running (HR; High Runner) and the C57BL/6J inbred strain. We previously mapped multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to the biological control of voluntary exercise levels, body weight, and composition, as well as changes in body weight and composition in response to short-term exercise. Currently, using a subset of the G(4) population (N = 244), we examined the transcriptional landscape relevant to neurobiological aspects of voluntary exercise by means of global mRNA expression profiles from brain tissue. We identified genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) regulating variation in mRNA abundance, and determined the mode of gene action and the cis- and/or trans-acting nature of each eQTL. Subsets of cis-acting eQTL, colocalizing with QTL for exercise or body composition traits, were used to identify candidate genes based on both positional and functional evidence, which were further filtered by correlational and exclusion mapping analyses. Specifically, we discuss six plausible candidate genes (Insig2, Socs2, DBY, Arrdc4, Prcp, IL15) and their potential role in the regulation of voluntary activity, body composition, and their interactions. These results develop a potential initial model of the underlying functional genomic architecture of predisposition to voluntary exercise and its effects on body weight and composition, within a neurophysiological framework.
HubMed – addiction
Surgery for Psychiatric Disorders.
Filed under: Addiction Rehab
World Neurosurg. 2012 Mar 29;
Luigjes J, de Kwaasteniet BP, de Koning PP, Oudijn MS, van den Munckhof P, Schuurman PR, Denys D
Surgery in psychiatric disorders has a long history and has regained momentum in the last few decades with deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS is an adjustable and reversible neurosurgical intervention using implanted electrodes to deliver controlled electrical pulses to targeted areas of the brain. It holds great promise for therapy-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), several double blind controlled and open trails have been conducted and the response rate is estimated around 54%. Open trials have shown encouraging results with DBS for therapy-refractory depression and case reports have shown potential effects of DBS on addiction. Another promising indication is Tourette’s syndrome (TS) where potential efficacy of DBS is shown by several case series and few controlled trials. Further research should focus on optimizing DBS with respect to target location and increasing the number of controlled double blinded trials. Additionally, new indications for DBS and new target options should be explored in preclinical research.
HubMed – addiction
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