Intake of Game Birds in the UK: Assessment of the Contribution to the Dietary Intake of Lead by Women of Childbearing Age and Children.
Intake of game birds in the UK: assessment of the contribution to the dietary intake of lead by women of childbearing age and children.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Mar 26; 1-5
Taylor CM, Golding J, Emond AM
OBJECTIVE: Concern has recently been expressed about Pb levels in Pb-shot game meat. Our aim was to determine the consumption of game birds in a representative sample population in the UK, and in children and women of childbearing age in particular. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional cohort study. Data from 4 d diet diaries from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; 2008-2010) were extracted to analyse data on game bird consumption in the sample population, in women of childbearing age (15-45 years old) and in children ?6 years old. SETTING: Home-based study in representative areas of the UK. SUBJECTS: Participants in the NDNS (2008-2010; n 2126, age 1·5 to >65 years). RESULTS: Fifty-eight participants (2·7 %) reported eating game birds. The mean intake was 19·5 (sd 18·1) g/d (median 15·6, range 1·3-92·9 g/d). In women of childbearing age (15-45 years), 11/383 (2·9 %) reported eating game birds, with a mean intake of 22·4 (sd 25·8) g/d (median 15·6, range 2·0-92·9 g/d). In children aged ?6 years old, 3/342 (0·9 %) were reported as eating game birds, with a mean intake of 6·8 (sd 9·7) g/d (median 2·4, range 1·3-23·2 g/d). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of consumption of game birds by women of childbearing age and children ?6 years old was relatively low and intakes were small. However, any exposure to Pb in these two groups is undesirable. As are uncertainties about the ability of the diet diary method to capture the consumption of food items that are infrequently consumed, alternative methods of capturing these data should be used in future studies. HubMed – eating
Is quality of diet associated with the microvasculature? An analysis of diet quality and retinal vascular calibre in older adults.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Mar 26; 1-8
Gopinath B, Flood VM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Wong TY, Mitchell P
It is unknown whether diet quality is associated with microvascular structure. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality, reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines, with retinal microvascular calibre in older adults. The dietary data of 2720 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants, aged 50+ years, were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine total diet scores (TDS). Fundus photographs were taken and retinal vascular calibre measured using computer-assisted techniques and summarised. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, mean arterial blood pressure, smoking, serum glucose, leucocyte count and history of diagnosed stroke or CHD, persons with higher TDS had healthier retinal vessels cross-sectionally, with wider retinal arteriolar calibre (by approximately 3 ?m, comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of TDS, P trend= 0·0001) and narrower retinal venular calibre (by approximately 2·5 ?m; P trend= 0·02). In younger subjects aged ? 65 years, increasing TDS (lowest to the highest quartile) was associated with healthier retinal vessels: approximately 4·4 ?m wider retinal arteriolar (P trend< 0·0001) and approximately 2·3 ?m narrower venular calibre (P trend= 0·03). After multivariable adjustment, however, baseline TDS were not associated with retinal arteriolar (P trend= 0·89) or venular calibre (P trend= 0·25), 5 years later. Also, baseline TDS were not associated with the 5-year change in retinal arteriolar (? = 0·14; P= 0·29) or venular calibre (? = - 0·26; P= 0·07). Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (higher diet quality) was cross-sectionally associated with wider retinal arterioles and narrower venules, indicating better retinal microvascular health. HubMed – eating
Overweight and obesity among African immigrants in Oslo.
BMC Res Notes. 2013 Mar 26; 6(1): 119
Gele AA, Mbalilaki AJ
BACKGROUND: Norway is experiencing an increase in overweight/obese adults, with immigrants from developing countries carrying a heavy burden. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Somali immigrants in Oslo. FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study involving 208 respondents aged 25 and over was conducted among Somali immigrants in Oslo, using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of overweight/obesity varied by gender, with women having a significantly higher prevalence (66%) than men (28%). The mean BMI for females and males were 27.4 and 23.6, respectively. Similarly, 53% of women and 28% of men were abdominally obese. In a logistic regression analysis, both generalized and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with increasing duration of residence in Norway, and with being less physically active. CONCLUSION: Public health policymakers should facilitate an environment that enables Somali immigrants, particularly women, to lead healthy lifestyles. In this time of epidemiological transition, health education in the areas of physical exercise and healthy eating should be a major focus for working with new immigrants. HubMed – eating
Personal, behavioral and socio-environmental predictors of overweight incidence in young adults: 10-yr longitudinal findings.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Mar 25; 10(1): 37
Quick V, Wall M, Larson N, Haines J, Neumark-Sztainer D
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify 10-year longitudinal predictors of overweight incidence during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS: Data were from Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). A diverse, population-based cohort (N = 2,134) completed baseline surveys in 1998–1999 (mean age = 15.0+/-1.6, ‘adolescence’) and follow-up surveys in 2008–2009 (mean age = 25.4+/-1.7, ‘young adulthood’). Surveys assessed personal, behavioral and socio-environmental factors hypothesized to be of relevance to obesity, in addition to height and weight. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds for each personal, behavioral and socio-environmental factor at baseline, and 10-year changes for these factors, among non-overweight adolescents (n = 1,643) being predictive of the incidence of overweight (BMI >= 25) at 10-year follow-up. RESULTS: At 10-year follow-up, 51% of young adults were overweight (26% increase from baseline). Among females and males, higher levels of body dissatisfaction, weight concerns, unhealthy weight control behaviors (e.g., fasting, purging), dieting, binge eating, weight-related teasing, and parental weight-related concerns and behaviors during adolescence and/or increases in these factors over the study period predicted the incidence of overweight at 10-year follow-up. Females with higher levels of whole grain intake and breakfast and dinner consumption frequency during adolescence were protected against becoming overweight. Among males, increases in vegetable intake protected against the incidence of overweight 10 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that obesity prevention interventions for adolescents should address weight-specific factors from within the domains of personal, behavioral, and socio-environmental factors such as promoting positive body image, decreasing unhealthy weight control behaviors, and limiting negative weight talk. HubMed – eating