Inter-Limb Transfer of Ballistic Motor Skill Following Non-Dominant Limb Training in Young and Older Adults.
Inter-limb transfer of ballistic motor skill following non-dominant limb training in young and older adults.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 Mar 28;
Hinder MR, Carroll TJ, Summers JJ
We recently reported considerably less inter-limb transfer in older, compared to young, adults following dominant (right) hand motor training (Hinder et al. in J Appl Physiol 110:166-175, 2011). This occurred despite the fact that both age groups exhibited similar performance improvements in the trained limb. However, asymmetries can exist with respect to the degree of transfer observed in some tasks, depending upon which limb undertakes the training. Accordingly, here we investigated inter-limb transfer following left hand ballistic motor training in young (n = 15; mean age 21.2 years) and older (n = 15; mean age 70.3 years) right handers. Following motor training that required participants to maximally abduct the left index finger, both groups exhibited significant performance improvements in the trained left hand. Moreover, the extent of inter-limb transfer was substantial and indistinguishable between the two age groups. Transcranial magnetic stimulation revealed that both age groups exhibited bilateral increases in cortical excitability following unilateral training, indicating that unilateral training affects both the trained and untrained hemisphere. However, only for young adults was the extent of the performance gain in the trained hand able to predict the degree of transfer. These findings suggest that different mechanisms may mediate inter-limb transfer of ballistic motor tasks for older and young adults. Because such tasks evoke similar neural responses to those observed following strength training (Selvanayagam et al. in J Appl Physiol 111:367-375, 2011; Carroll et al. in Acta Physiol 202:119-140, 2011), our findings have important implications for rehabilitation paradigms following stroke or limb immobilisation due to injury. HubMed – rehab
Congenital tibial dysplasia with lateral bowing and duplication of hallux: case presentations.
J Pediatr Orthop B. 2013 May; 22(3): 213-218
Beck JJ, Altiok H
This article reports on two children with congenital unilateral tibial dysplasia with lateral bowing with no associated sagittal plane deformity. In both cases, it is associated with ipsilateral duplication of the hallux. Long-term follow-up of the patients showed spontaneous, almost complete resolution of the bowing without progressing into fracture or pseudoarthrosis. Leg length discrepancy appeared to be the only orthopedic sequela related to this phenomenon. HubMed – rehab
Changes of plantar pressure distributions following open and closed kinetic chain exercise in patients with stroke.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2013 Jan 1; 32(2): 385-390
Lee NK, Kwon JW, Son SM, Nam SH, Choi YW, Kim CS
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate whether progressive resistive training with closed-kinetic chain (CKC) and open-kinetic chain (OKC) exercises could change plantar pressure distribution during walking in patients with stroke. METHODS: Thirty-nine stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into a CKC exercise group (n = 13), an OKC exercise group (n = 13), and a control group (n = 13). Both CKC and OKC exercise groups performed their own respective training programs 5 times per week for 6 weeks, whereas no training was done in the control group. Barefoot plantar pressure distribution was measured during walking in terms of contact area (CA), peak contact force (PCF), and contact impulse (CI) on each of three foot regions (i.e. forefoot (FF), midfoot (MF), and hindfoot (HF)). RESULTS: In the CKC exercise group, there were significant changes in only the CA and PCF of HF. In the OKC exercise and control groups, no significant differences were found for all variables of plantar pressure distributions. CONCLUSION: We found that resistive training with closed kinetic chain exercises could be an effective treatment method for improving normal gait patterns in stroke patients. These findings may be attributed to the fact that CKC exercise induced use of the ankle and knee muscles and provided repetitive sensory input from the affected foot. HubMed – rehab
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