Nanoparticles in the Ocular Drug Delivery.
Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery.
Int J Ophthalmol. 2013; 6(3): 390-6
Zhou HY, Hao JL, Wang S, Zheng Y, Zhang WS
Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases. HubMed – drug
Adalimumab (Humira) induced acute lung injury.
Am J Case Rep. 2013; 14: 173-5
Kohli R, Namek K
Male, 78.Acute lung injury due to Adalimumab.-Adalimumab.Intubated and put on mechanical ventilation.Pulmonology.Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment.Adalimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that blocks the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Adalimumab related acute lung injury is a rare form of acute respiratory distress syndrome of possible immune etiology that develops immediately after an infusion.We describe a 78 year old, male with no previous cardiac comorbidities, who developed acute lung injury (ALI) within one hour of administration of adalimumab. He was successfully treated with mechanical ventilatory support and adjuvant therapy.TNF? antagonists are a part of a new and revolutionary treatment for severe and difficult-to-treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This report emphasizes that this fatal complication may occur with use of this drug. Clinicians need to be aware of this condition as prompt recognition and supportive management can prevent unwanted morbidity and mortality. HubMed – drug
Acute mono-megakaryoblastic leukemia associated with extreme thrombocytosis and complex karyotype abnormalities.
Am J Case Rep. 2013; 14: 157-160
Hu R, Li J, Hu Y, Zhang J, Miao M, Zhu K, Liao A, Yang W, Liu Z
Patient: Female, 55 Final Diagnosis: Acute leukemia Symptoms: Thrombocytosis Medication: Idarubicin HCl (Zavedos), Pfizer Clinical Procedure: – Specialty: Hematology.Adverse effect of drug therapy.Thrombocytosis is usually seen in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and seldom in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). In acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, platelet counts might exceed 1000×10(9)/L in approximately 30% of patients, while others are frequently presented by cytopenias. To our best knowledge there is no report in the literature on acute mono-megakaryoblastic leukemia, especially with extreme thrombocytosis and complex karyotype abnormalities.We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with acute mono-megakaryoblastic leukemia with extreme thrombocytosis (greater than 2000×10(9)/L) and complex karyotype abnormalities. The patient was first treated with anti-aggregate therapy and later the patient was put on a regimen consisting of idarubicin 10 mg/m(2) daily for 3 days and 200 mg Cytosar daily for 7 days. However, a severe pancytopenia occurred at the first day after chemotherapy and the patient died from intracranial hemorrhage.Extreme thrombocytosis and complex karyotype abnormalities in acute mono-megakaryoblastic leukemia are associated with poor outcome. HubMed – drug
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