Predictors of Assault Among Urban Female Trauma Patients.
Predictors of assault among urban female trauma patients.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012 Oct; 5(4): 299-303
Periyanayagam U, Shaheen AW, Crandall M
Assault is a common mechanism of injury among female trauma victims. This paper identifies risk factors for assault in female victims and explores the interplay between identified predictors of assault and their combined contribution to female violent victimization.A retrospective analysis of all female trauma patients was performed using the Illinois Department of Public Health Trauma Registry from 1999-2003. Patients with assault listed as their mechanism of injury were compared to patients with other mechanisms of injury. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using STATA statistical software to identify independent risk factors for assault. Finally, interaction affects were studied among these identified risk factors.Female victims of assault were more likely to be African American (OR 1.32, P < 0.001), lack insurance (OR 1.79, P < 0.001), and to have tested positive for drugs (OR 1.32, P < 0.001) than women with other mechanisms of injury. In addition to the independent effects of these variables, patient drug use and lack of insurance demonstrated interaction effects (OR 1.67, P = 0.02).In this study, women of color, the uninsured, and those using drugs were disproportionately represented among assault victims, highlighting further evidence of trauma disparities. Most significantly, this study demonstrates that predictors of assault in women frequently coexist and both independently and in combination may increase the risk for female violent victimization. HubMed – drug
Accidental haloperidol poisoning in children.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Indian J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov; 44(6): 803-4
Gajre MP, Jain D, Jadhav A
Haloperidol, a butyrophenone neuroleptic drug, is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of adult schizophrenia and mania. It is used in children with neurological disorders like chorea and developmental disorders such as hyperactivity. With the advent of newer selective neuroleptics use of haloperidol is now on decline. However, in adults it is still the preferred drug especially in resource challenged settings. Extrapyramidal reactions occur frequently with haloperidol predominantly as parkinsonian symptoms. There are few case reports of accidental haloperidol poisoning in children and this one of them.
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Lamotrigine induced DRESS syndrome.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Indian J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov; 44(6): 798-800
Naveen KN, Ravindra MS, Pai VV, Rai V, Athanikar SB, Girish M
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and life-threatening delayed drug hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin eruption, fever, lymphadenopathies, and visceral involvement. Here, we are presenting a 12 year old boy, who developed rare but life threatening DRESS syndrome due to Lamotrigine. Early detection and treatment led to his rapid recovery. This case is presented to highlight the importance of early detection of rare fatal syndrome.
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Cutaneous adverse drug reaction profile in a tertiary care out patient setting in Eastern India.
Filed under: Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Indian J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov; 44(6): 792-7
Saha A, Das NK, Hazra A, Gharami RC, Chowdhury SN, Datta PK
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) are the most frequent of all manifestations of drug sensitivity and manifest with varied and diverse morphology.To study the prevalence and clinical spectrum of CADR among patients attending outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital.An observational study was undertaken over a 1-year period in dermatology OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India. Patients presenting with suspected drug-related cutaneous lesions were included if drug identity could be ascertained. Clinical profiling was done. Drug history was recorded in a format specified in Indian National Pharmacovigilance Programme and causality assessment carried out as per World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria.Commonest CADR in our study was morbilliform eruption (30.18%), followed by fixed drug eruption (24.52%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)-Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and overlap of two (24.50%), exfoliative dermatitis (7.54%), urticaria (5.6%), phototoxic drug reaction (3.8%), pityriasis rosea-like eruptions (1.89%), and severe mucositis (1.80%). Drugs implicated were sulfonamides (17%), fixed-dose combinations of fluoroquinolones with nitroimidazoles (11.30%), analgesics (11.30%), antiepileptics (11.30%), beta-lactam antibiotics (9.40%), fluoroquinolones alone (7.50%), allopurinol (7.50%), and azithromycin (5.70%). Reaction latency varied from 1 to 43 days. Causality assessment was certain and probable for 18.9% and 41.5% of the reactions, respectively, and reactions were serious in 33.96% (95% confidence interval 21.21-46.71%).Cutaneous adverse drug reaction profile in this study is similar in many ways to studies conducted earlier in India. Incidence of life-threatening reactions like SJS-TEN was higher compared with studies conducted abroad. Reaction time and lesion patterns are helpful in identifying an offending drug in the setting of multiple drug therapy.
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