The Role of Eating and Emotion in Binge Eating Disorder and Loss of Control Eating.

The role of eating and emotion in binge eating disorder and loss of control eating.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Int J Eat Disord. 2012 Oct 26;
Pollert GA, Engel SG, Schreiber-Gregory DN, Crosby RD, Cao L, Wonderlich SA, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Mitchell JE

OBJECTIVE: Binge eating, defined as the consumption of large amounts of food during which a sense of loss of control (LOC) is experienced, is associated with negative affect. However, there are no data on the experience of LOC after accounting for the effects of negative affect and caloric intake. METHOD: Nine adult patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and 13 obese nonbinge eating disorder (NBED) participants carried a palmtop computer for 7 days, rating momentary mood and sense of LOC multiple times each day. Electronic food logs were collected once daily. RESULTS: After removing the effects of caloric intake and negative affect, a significant group difference was observed for ratings of LOC between BED and NBED participants. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest the experience of LOC in adults with BED is a salient feature of binge episodes, beyond that explained by caloric intake and momentary affect. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012;).
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Temporal changes in occurrence frequency of bowel sounds both in fasting state and after eating.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

J Artif Organs. 2012 Oct 30;
Sakata O, Suzuki Y, Matsuda K, Satake T

Food evaluation technology that takes into account the constitutional predisposition and health of an individual’s digestive system should aid in the development of value-added foods for patients and people who require health care. Based on the assumption that the degree of bowel activity changes depending on each individual’s constitutional predisposition, health, and tolerance of the consumed foods, we investigated bowel sounds as an index of bowel activity. We have developed a method for investigating changes in bowel activity by performing long-term continuous recording of bowel sounds and observing changes in the occurrence frequency of bowel sounds per unit of time. In order to obtain basic data, we made recordings of eight healthy adults. We observed that bowel sounds continued even after the most recently consumed food had been nearly completely digested. In addition, we found that the occurrence frequency of bowel sounds of normal intensity (stethoscope audible) did not synchronize with that of minimal intensity (amplifier audible) in the fasting state. In contrast, the former did synchronize with the latter during digestion.
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A Systematic Review of the Literature Exploring Illness Perceptions in Mental Health Utilising the Self-Regulation Model.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2012 Oct 30;
Baines T, Wittkowski A

Psychologists have utilised a range of social cognition models to understand variation in physical health and illness-related behaviours. The most widely studied model of illness perceptions has been the Self-Regulation Model (SRM, Leventhal, Nerenz, & Steele, 1984). The illness perceptions questionnaire (IPQ) and its revised version (IPQ-R) have been utilised to explore illness beliefs in physical health. This review examined 13 quantitative studies, which used the IPQ and IPQ-R in mental health in their exploration of illness perceptions in psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, depression and adolescents experiencing mood disorders. Across these studies the SRM illness dimensions were largely supported. Mental illnesses were commonly viewed as cyclical and chronic, with serious negative consequences. Perceptions regarding chronicity, controllability and negative consequences were associated with coping and help seeking, while engagement with services and help seeking were also related to illness coherence beliefs. Treatment adherence was linked to beliefs that treatment could control one’s illness. Whilst a major limitation of the reviewed studies was the use of cross-sectional designs, overall the applicability of the SRM to mental health was supported. The IPQ and IPQ-R were shown to be valuable measures of illness perceptions in mental health, offering implications for clinical practice.
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Factors Associated with Low Self-Esteem in Children with Overweight*.

Filed under: Eating Disorders

Obes Facts. 2012 Oct 23; 5(5): 722-733
Danielsen YS, Stormark KM, Nordhus IH, Mæhle M, Sand L, Ekornås B, Pallesen S

Objective : Low self-esteem is one of the main psychosocial factors related to childhood overweight. Yet not all overweight children are affected. Little is known about what characterises the group of overweight children with the lowest self-esteem. Our aim was to identify factors related to low domain-specific self-esteem in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: Children (aged 10-13; N = 5,185) and parents from a large population-based sample completed the Eating Disturbance Scale, the Self-Perception Profile for Children, and questions about bullying and socio-economic status (SES). Parents reported the child’s weight and height. 545 children with overweight/obesity were identified in the overall sample and selected for the current analyses. Self-esteem scores from this group were compared to scores from children with normal weight. Factors examined in relation to self-esteem in children with overweight/obesity were: age, gender, SES, disturbed eating, bullying, parents’ evaluation of weight status and degree of overweight. Results: Children with overweight scored significantly lower than normal-weight children on all self-esteem domains. Athletic competence and physical appearance were most impaired. Disturbed eating and bullying were related to low physical appearance as well as scholastic, social and athletic self-esteem. Being female, a pre-teen, having a higher BMI and being evaluated as overweight by parents were associated with lower satisfaction with physical appearance. Conclusions: Disturbed eating and bullying are significantly related to low self-esteem in the overweight group. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.
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